We investigate how supervision (in the form of explicit instruction) interacts with distributional learning in the acquisition of the perception of a novel vowel contrast in a second language. An experiment with non-Dutch-speaking Bulgarians reveals that listeners who receive bimodal distributional training without explicit instruction can acquire new Dutch vowel contrasts, and that listeners w...

Breaking the Rules: Liberating Writers Through Innovative Grammar Instruction (2003) is a book on teaching English Grammar, composition, and practicing language rules efficiently in more independent individualistic sense away from old approaches of Grammar- Translation Method that have been used since ages. Edgar Schuster well-known author for his great interest studying exploring mastering str...

With the aim of more emphasis on pragmatics and its inclusion in EFL classrooms, this study attempted to investigate the effectiveness of obtrusive and unobtrusive focus on form instructions on learners’ pragmatic performance of criticizing in English. 54 Iranian learners, all at intermediate level, participated in this study, and they were divided into three groups: 19 participants receiving o...

In the Netherlands, teaching programs for French as a foreign language in secondary school usually involve an explicit focus on grammar. This is partially motivated by early findings SLA research, which showed that instruction more effective acquisition (Norris, & Ortega, 2000; Spada, Tomita, 2010) and even considered essential to achieve accuracy advanced writing (Gunnarsson, 2012). The ai...

This paper draws on an approach that conceptualizes L2 learning difficulty in terms of implicit and explicit knowledge. In a study with L1 Mexican Spanish university-level learners (n=30), their teachers (n=11) and applied linguistics experts (n=3), we investigated the relationship between (a) these groups’ difficulty judgements of 13 selected L2 English structures and (b) perceived learning di...

The current qualitative study researches graduate Teaching Assistants’ (TAs’) beliefs and teaching practices towards Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) tutoring sessions examines the possible factors that shape influence their about tutoring. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with three experienced TAs in CFL program at higher education institution U.S. Findings revealed vi...