In recent years, chitosan and its different derivatives have been extensively used in surface modification and functional finishing of textiles. In this study, wool yarns used in handmade carpet were treated with different concentrations of chitosan-poly (amidoamine) dendrimer hybrid (Ch-PAMAM) and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their dyeing properties were investi...

The objective of this project was to biologically renovate reactive dyebaths and reuse the high-salt containing mixture in the dyeing process. This approach accomplishes two goals: (a) elimination of the color from the plant effluent; and (b) reuse of the renovated process water and salts, thus leading to final wastewater volume reduction, and water, as well as salt conservation. Nine commercia...

The cohort of 768 workers who were actively employed for a minimum of 6 months and died was retrospectively followed from 1 January 1953 to 31 December 2000. There were 328 women and 440 men observed. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated using the Minsk-city population mortality proportions to generate expected numbers. The significant excess of pancreatic cancer (PMR=366%; 95%...

In this work, the efficiency of a photo-electrochemical method to remove color in textile dyeing effluents is discussed. The decolorization of a synthetic effluent containing a bi-functional reactive dye was carried out by applying an electrochemical treatment at different intensities (2 A, 5 A and 10 A), followed by ultraviolet irradiation. The combination of both treatments was optimized. The...

This study is a novel approach toward the development of chemical-free and sustainable textile dyeing process with minimum environmental risks. Cotton fabrics were cationized (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride in four concentrations subsequently dyed black tea extract. Eco-friendly colorant extraction from raw leaves was carried out aqueous media avoiding use hazardous organi...

The aim of this study is to apply and compare statistical regression and an evolutionary fuzzy system to model color yield in the polyester high temperature (HT) dyeing as a function of disperse dyes concentration, temperature and time. The predictive power of the obtained models was evaluated by means of MSE value. It seems that for modeling cases such as the one considered in this study, the ...

Four imines, the condensation products of 2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanal with four primary amines, were condensed with mercapto acetic acid to obtain thiazolidinon-4-ones which on subsequent condensation with vanillin and isatin separately yielded eight thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, molecular weight determin...

The dyer has always been faced with choices regarding which dye to use and which application process to choose. In previous years, the cost of the dyeing process and the fastness of the dyeings obtained were prime considerations. Today these basic needs have been supplemented by the need for high productivity in the dyehouse together with an awareness of the environmental impact of the dyeing p...

This first part of Chapter 5 covers the background to the development of reactive dyes, explains the history which led to their belated discovery and gives the reasons for their present importance. The nature of the dye-fiber bond is covered as well as the processes by which it is formed. The overall procedure for reactive batch dyeing, which involves the three steps of dyeing, fixation and was...

It is widely accepted that indigo dyes derived from Murex trunculus were used to produce the biblical dyes tekhelet and argaman. We describe a method of following the debromination of natural leucoindigos and their binding to wool using NMR spectroscopy. Debromination is observed prior to reaction with the wool and prior to oxidation. Binding to the wool is shown to occur prior to oxidation. NM...