This paper examines three situations in which distances between languages, genes, and cultures matter. The first is concerned with the determinants, which govern the learning of foreign languages. One of these is the “difficulty” of the foreign language, represented by the distance between the native and the foreign language. The second case deals with the formation and breaking-up of nations. ...

in order to evaluate the genetic diversity and identify quantitative trait loci(qtl) controlling agro-morphological triats such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, internode distance, dried leaf yield per plot, plant height and stem girth, the genetic population including 225 f 2:3 families from the cross between two oriental-type tobacco genotypes ‘spt 406 (paternal) × basma seres 31 (mat...

The hypothesis of isolation by distance (IBD) predicts that genetic differentiation between populations increases with geographic distance. However, gene flow is governed by numerous factors and the correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance is never simply linear. In this study, we analyze the interaction between the effects of geographic distance and of wild or domest...

Genetic similarity theory, a purported extension o f the concept o f inclusive fitness, is not only unnecessary, but also logically flawed. In this paper, the author (1) discusses the definition o f inclusive fitness; (2) identifies the major logical f law of genetic similarity theory; and (3) refers readers to earlier, more thorough discussions o f several common misunderstandings o f kin sele...

Vagility is the inherent power of movement by individuals. Vagility and the available duration of movement determine the dispersal distance individuals can move to interbreed, which affects the fine-scale genetic structure of vertebrate populations. Vagility and variation in population genetic structure are normally explained by geographic variation and not by the inherent power of movement by ...

The aim of the study was to assess whether an aerobic-favoring genetic profile can predict the success of a shift from middleto long-distance running. Thirteen elite middle-distance runners were divided into successful and non-successful groups in their shift toward long distance runs. All the runners began their training program at the age of 14-15, and after 6-7 years changed focus and adjust...

Genetic distance measures are indicators of relatedness among populations or species and are useful for reconstructing the historic and phylogenetic relationships among such groups. Classical measures of genetic distance were developed to analyze biochemical and serological polymorphisms, systems which generally show limited variability. However, these traditional measures of genetic distance a...