Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common liver diseases, is caused by the disruption of hepatic lipid homeostasis. It is associated with insulin resistance as seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin that increases insulin sensitivity and aids glucose metabolism. In recent in vivo and in vitro studies, GLP-1 presents a novel thera...

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a potent inhibitor of food intake. GLP-1 receptor mRNA is densely expressed in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and precisely overlaps the area occupied by proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Activation of POMC neurons suppresses appetite, and lack of POMC-derived peptides or inhibition of POMC neuronal firing causes obesity. Here, we identify living POMC ce...

Classic models of receptor desensitization and internalization have been largely based on the behavior of Family A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R) is a member of the Family B glucagon-secretin GPCR family, which exhibit significant sequence and structural differences from the Family A receptors in their intracellular and extracellular domains. ...

Increasing evidence from both clinical and experimental studies indicates that the insulin-releasing hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may exert additional protective/reparative effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to examine vasorelaxant effects of GLP-1(7-36)amide, three structurally-related peptides and a non-peptide GLP-1 agonist in rat aorta. Interestingly...

In The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Richard Pratley and colleagues report the results of a phase 3 registration trial of albiglutide, a new once-weekly glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Albiglutide is a unique chemical entity with a high molecular weight, composed of two GLP-1 molecules fused to an albumin molecule, and has a half-life of 5 days. In their noninferiority trial...

BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists can maintain good glycemic control in some diabetic. Here we compared the clinical characteristics and parameters reflecting glucose metabolism at the time of the initiation of GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy between patients who responded well to therapy and those who did not. METHODS The records of 43 patients with type 2 diabetes ...

In this issue of Diabetes, two articles describe preclinical studies evaluating the effects of chronic glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)–based therapy on development of pancreatitis and pancreatic neoplasia (1,2). These studies were performed in light of recent case reports and a case-control study suggesting that diabetic individuals using sitagliptin or exenatide have a several-fold increased l...

The authors present a case of a 46-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has been on a treatment regimen involving diet, exercise, and metformin. After 2 years of treatment, she has a body mass index of 35 and a glycosylated hemoglobin level of 8.0%, and this level is increasing. Her physician recommends adding a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist to her treatment regim...

GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists may improve endothelial function (EF) via metabolic improvement and direct vascular action. The current study determined the effect of GLP-1R agonist exenatide on postprandial EF in type 2 diabetes and the mechanisms underlying GLP-1R agonist-mediated vasodilation. Two crossover studies were conducted: 36 participants with type 2 diabetes received subcutaneous e...