Blockchain networks have increasingly turned to proof-of-stake (“PoS”) protocols as a mechanism for discouraging bad behavior and securing participants’ data. In doing so, they not only improved their energy consumption but also increased accessibility. Still, the technological proficiency required of participants in PoS presents certain barriers inclusivity. Third-party services known staking-...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether people respond differently to low and high stakes in Dictator and Ultimatum Games. We assumed that if we raised the stakes high enough, we would observe more self-orientated behavior because fairness would become too costly, in spite of a possible risk of a higher punishment. METHODS A questionnaire was completed by a sample of 524 uni...

We offer a case-study in irrationality, showing that even in a high stakes context, intelligent andwell trained professionalsmay adopt dominated practices. In multiple-choice tests one cannot distinguish lucky guesses from answers based on knowledge. Test-makers have dealt with this problem by lowering the incentive to guess, through penalizing errors (called formula scoring), and by eliminatin...

This paper 1 presents the thesis that insecurity of software is due to interaction of technological and legal shortcomings, fostered by economic rationality. Ineffective liability laws further the distribution of unreliable and insecure software. Copyright protection for software hinders the quality improvement. Patent protection encourages the use of proprietary instead of standard technology....

A hard­fork reconfiguration of the peer to peer Bitcoin network is described that substitutes tamper­evident logs and proof­of­stake consensus for proof­of­work consensus. The block creation rewards and transaction fees are reallocated to establish and staff a secure financial data network capable of handling the world's transactions with subsecond response time. The new system pays dividends t...