objective: several vaccines against hiv have been investigated but none has been approved as an effective hiv vaccine. an approach that could induce stronger immune response against the pathogen is utilizing a multi-epitopic vaccine. this strategy was used in the design of several vaccines and resulted in improved immune responses. materials and methods: in this study a multi-epitopic fusion p...

Humoral immunity, as a cause of damage to blood vessels, poses a major barrier to successful transplantation of organs. Under some conditions, humoral immunity causes little or no damage to an organ graft. We have referred to this condition, in which a vascularized graft functions in the face of humoral immunity directed against it, as "accommodation." In this paper, we review changes in the gr...

1. In Dahl S rats becoming hypertensive while on a diet of high NaCl content there appears to be a blood-borne humoral agent which produces vasoconstriction in a bioassay using the isolated hindquarters of rats. 2. This vasoconstrictor effect strongly suggests the presence of a humoral pressor agent or the lack of a vasodilator agent in the blood of hypertensive S rats. 3. The vasoconstrictor e...

Background: With the development of new techniques, blood and other humoral biomarkers have become increasingly important in diagnosis sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to review summarize associated with AKI.

introduction: hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a major public health problem which influences about 170 million people worldwide. different types of vaccines have been designed using hcv structural proteins to control the viral infection. the core nucleocapsid protein is one of the most conserved proteins and a desirable target for hcv vaccines, especially the protein-based vaccines. in cur...

purpose: evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses of naturally infected dogs against type i (rcpb) (recombinant cycsteine proteinase b), and ii (rcpa) (recombinant cycsteine proteinase a) recombinant cysteine proteinases and c-terminal extension (cte) of leishmania infantum (l. infantum). materials and methods: in this study, fourteen infected dogs (7 with symptoms, 7 asymptomatics)...

Humoral immune response in cattle and buffaloes vaccinated against Pasteurella multocida B: 2 with reference to levels of B Lymphocytes IL-2R+Harsh Shaveta, Deepti Chachra, H M Saxena, Mudit Chandra

Background: Immunisation remains critical in prevention of serious COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to characterise the prevalence humoral and cellular immunity patients on maintenance dialysis a nephrology centre 8 months after vaccination onset. Methods: Real-world single-centre cross-sectional enrolling peritoneal haemodialysis. Humoral response was measured as specific IgG (anti-spike p...