Epidemiologists are adjusting their expectations for the future course of pandemic after data from a recent outbreak in Massachusetts US suggest that while vaccination remains highly protective against worst consequences infection, it may not be sufficient on its own to stop spread delta variant. Testing conducted among residents during an Provincetown, popular weekend getaway spot, 3 17 July ...

Innate immunity is essential for insects to survive infectious pathogens. In baculovirus-infected lepidopteran cells, apoptosis and global protein synthesis shutdown are major mechanisms of intracellular innate immunity that inhibit viral replication. In contrast, baculoviruses have evolved diverse genes and mechanisms to counter the antiviral immunity activated in infected cells. In this revie...

Patients with nosocomial pneumonia have evidence of immunosuppression. The most obvious defect in immunity is the loss of mechanical barriers with an endotracheal tube. Only a third of colonized patients on ventilators develop pneumonia, however, suggesting that altered immunity is more extensive. This subgroup of patients tends to get multiple synchronous and sequential infections. The exact m...

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infections can lead to liver failure, liver cancer, and death. In Canada, prevalence studies of HBV and HCV have been limited to regional and special populations. DATA AND METHODS Data are from cycles 1 (2007 to 2009) and 2 (2009 to 2011) of the Canadian Health Measures. Socio-demographic, health and lifestyle information was obtained via...