People often act together with a shared purpose; they collaborate on a group action or activity. An increasing number of computer applications also require collaboration among various systems and users. The plans for such collaborative activities must be formed with others, not in isolation. Groups may persist over long periods of time (as do orchestras, sports teams, and systems administration...

Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be cited or reproduced without permission of the copyright holders. Copies of working papers are available from the authors. Abstract In 2002, Leitax, a niche consumer electronics company, suffered serious supply chain planning mishaps due to poor cross-functional integrat...

The history of the use of informatics tools to support collaborative planning is relatively recent. Personal computer, multimedia techniques and the web provided useful technology for the purposes of collaborative processes. Following the advent of Web 2.0, the wide diffusion of electronic devices containing geo-referenced information have resulted in the production of extensive spatial data. T...

Purpose Design-led events are known under a range of different titles such charrettes, participatory placemaking, co-design and enquiry by design. Rather than being standalone, form one single step in multi-stage collaborative planning process. What comes after them has to be acknowledged as important their effective contribution planning. To date, no coherent body empirical evidence on the aft...

The use of 4D simulations within the construction field is growing, however, its application when carrying out true collaborative planning has not yet been fully realised. It is postulated that 4D models are currently utilised as a planning review tool, rather than integral to the initial construction planning process and do not fully support multidisciplinary collaborative construction plannin...