Honey bee sting is used in some societies as a treatment of inflammation in joint diseases such as arthritis. To investigate the effect of honey bee venom in reducing inflammation, we selected 30 male Wister rats which were divided in to 6 groups. Except group 1, all remaining groups received 0.5 ml of complete Freund’s adjuvant to induce arthritis. After 9 days, all animals that received adj...

Background and objectives: Allium akaka, locally known “Valak” a member of the Amaryllidaceae family, is widely used in Iranian folk medicine for its wound healing, antibacterial, anthelmintic, and diuretic properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Allium akaka hydro-alcoholic extract on carrageenan-induce...

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our goal in this paper is to describe and compare basic immunopathologic pattern of common demyelinating disorder, that is very important to choose the best treatment. The most common disorders are multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica,Anti MOG associated disease,ADEM and autoimmune encephalitis. ADEM consists of ‘‘sleeves’’ of demyelination centered on small, engorge...

Post traumatic stress disorder, a special disease that also accompanies with histological changes such as inflammation. In this paper we decided to review the relation between PTSD and inflammation. Stressful events causes immune system dysfunction by suppressing natural killer cells and altering levels of cytokines. Also in this condition, cytotoxic T lymphocytes results in under strained pro-...

Background: Despite the implementation of nursing measures in disinfecting the ​​vascular access site for hemodialysis, this area is responsible for 23 to 73 percent of bacteremias occurring in these patients. Participation of the patients in washing this area may be helpful. Aim: this study was conducted to determine and compare the effect of washing vascular access site for hemodialysis with ...

Human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that is thought to infect approximately 10-20 million people worldwide. The majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic carriers lifelong. HTLV-1 is thought to cause both local and systemic inflammatory diseases. The most common inflammatory condition associated with HTLV-1 is HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/Tropical spastic para...

objective: anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, and antioxidant properties of moringa oleifera lam. suggest that it might have beneficial effects on colitis. the present study was performed to investigate the anticolitis effect of moringa oleifera seeds hydro-alcoholic extract (mshe) and its chloroform fraction (mcf) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. materials and methods: both mshe and ...

objective: asthma is an airway complex disease defined by reversible airway narrowing and obstruction, chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and tissue remodeling. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brassica napus l. (b. napus) on airway pathologic changes in a rat model of asthma. materials and methods: twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: contr...