Preoperative recognition of the Onodi cell is necessary to avoid injury to closely associated structures, including the internal carotid artery and the optic nerve. This article describes the central Onodi cell, a variation in which a posterior ethmoid cell lies superior to the sphenoid sinus in a midline position with at least one optic canal bulge. To our knowledge, this anatomic variation ha...

We describe a previously unreported case of cranial arterial dolichoectasia associated with spontaneous dissection of the petrous (C2) segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) with 2 patent lumena. Dolichoectasia of the cranial arteries and different types of double lumen of ICA are discussed. A review of previously reported cases is included.

The primitive carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are primitive embryonic cerebral vessels that temporarily provide arterial supply from the internal carotid artery to the longitudinal neural artery, the future vertebrobasilar artery in the hindbrain. Four types known are the trigeminal, otic, hypoglossal, and proatlantal intersegmental arteries. The arteries are accompanied by their correspond...

Starting from the carotid trigone, a surgical approach to the parapharyngeal part of the internal carotid artery is described. The retrostyloidal part of the lateropharyngeal space is opened up from laterocaudal after resecting the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the styloidal muscles. Vulneration of the cranial nerves (VII, IX, X) has to be prevented.

was admitted to our hospital for an additional workup. Until then speech difficulties had diminished, but he reported occasional vague pain localized to the right mandibular angle, especially during head movements. There was no history of neck trauma or manipulation or vigorous exercise. Neurological examination revealed only right HNP with ipsilateral atrophy ( fig. 1 ) without signs of other ...

AbsractA rare variant of ansa cervicalis was discovered during dissection of the neck in amale cadaver. The superior root of the Ansa cervicalis was formed by the C1 ventralramus. It accompanied with the vagus nerve in place of the hypoglossal nerve and descendedinto the carotid sheath with it. Moreover the C1 ventral ramus formed fromthe sheath and joined the inferior root from C2 and C3 ventr...

The Anterior Clinoid Processe (ACP) and Middle Clinoid Process (MCP) are sometimes connected by an osseous bridge formed by ossification of Carotico-clinoid Ligament (CCL), converting the distal end of carotid sulcus into an ostium called the Carotico-clinoid Foramen (CCF). Through the CCF passes one of the segment of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA). The CCF is the result of ossification of eithe...

Severe internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis is a common cause of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in middle-aged patients. Contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO) in patients with severe ICA stenosis is associated with high risk of CVA. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is associated with more complications in patients with CCO than those without CCO. In this study, we present the case of a 61-year-ol...

We report a large vagal neurilemmoma in the poststyloid compartment of the parapharyngeal space. A 52-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a feeling of discomfort in the left upper neck. Computed tomography showed a 30mm x 30mm x 40mm mass with inhomogeneous internal enhancement in the left carotid space. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 30mm × 30mm × 40mm heterogeneous mass in t...

purpose: to compare ipsilateral and contralateral carotid wall thickness in patients with acute unilateral non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (naion). methods: this prospective case series included 17 (10 male and 7 female) patients with unilateral naion of less than 8 weeks' duration who underwent b-mode ultrasonography to measure intima-media thickness (imt) in the common c...