Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are of great interest due to their extraordinary properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, high yield strength, ductility, hardness, flexibility, and rigidity. CuNPs show catalytic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities along with cytotoxicity and anticancer properties in many different applications. Many physical and chemical methods have bee...

Green protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been attracting a lot of attention because they are eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective. Nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by green routes and characterized for impact of green chemistry on the properties and biological effects of nanoparticles in the last five years. Green synthesis, properties, and applicati...

The main business of an investment company is to hold and manage securities for investment purposes. In today competitive market Pricing and its methodology are complicated motions. It is very important to define a price that can prevail the competition in an open and free market. In order to define the price certain circumstances should be considered. In the academic arena there have been seve...

Investment is often irreversible: once installed, capital has little or no value unless used in production. This paper proposes, solves and characterizes a model of sequential irreversible investment by a firm facing uncertainty in technology, demand and price of capital. The solution can be found in closed form if simple (but not totally unrealistic) functional forms are assumed, and can be gi...

We examine investment behavior when firms face costs in the access to external funds. We find that despite the existence of liquidity constraints, standard investment regressions predict that cash flow is an important determinant of investment only if one ignores q. Conversely, we also obtain significant cash flow effects even in the absence of financial frictions. These findings provide suppor...

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The role of past investment in parental-care behaviour has often been controversial. Some researchers have argued that organisms basing present investment on past investment are committing the 'Concorde fallacy'. Others have incorporated life history theory to suggest that investing according to past investment is one component of investing according to expected future reproductive success: a p...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper uses a real-option model to examine the net benefit to a government from using tax cut and/or investment subsidy as incentives to induce immediate investment. Although earlier papers generally concluded that investment subsidy dominates tax cut, it is observed that many governments use a combination of subsidy and tax cut. We show that, when the government uses ...

This paper examines the effects of costly external financing on the optimal timing of a firm’s investment. By altering the optimal investment timing, costly financing affects current investment and the sensitivity of investment to internal cash flow. Importantly, the relation between the cost of external funds and investment-cash flow sensitivity is non-monotonic. Investment-cash flow sensitivi...

Pritha Mitra In India, the relationship between government investment and private investment is a controversial issue. Economic theory suggests that government investment, financed by borrowing, reduces the loanable funds available for private investment, driving up interest rates, and reducing the level of private investment. If, as Keynesians argue, the positive impact of increased government...