A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

boolean byte class double else extends final finally float if implements int interface long native new private public return short static super synchronized this throw throws transient try void volatile while ( ) [ ] { } ; , . = Figure 1: Java keywords.

Abstract Plant residues with larger carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratios can stimulate microbial growth and thereby protect soil nutrients from leaching. In poorly fertilized soil, excessive immobilization may limit nutrient availability thus plant growth. Little is known about the impact of a shallow straw incorporation on regulation top-dressing fertilizer spring crop establishment. We aimed eva...

This paper aims to study decomposition behavior in pyrolytic environment of four lignocellulosic biomass (oil palm shell, oil palm frond, rice husk and paddy straw), and two commercial components of biomass (pure cellulose and lignin), performed in a thermogravimetry analyzer (TGA). The unit which consists of a microbalance and a furnace flowed with 100 cc (STP) min Nitrogen, N2 as inert. Heati...

The problem of biomass combustion and co-combustion is a particularly important aspect many district heating systems, where the use makes it possible to reduce CO2 emissions. present article continuation previous studies behavior mineral matter selected fuels during sintering processes. Three biomasses were studied: wheat straw, barley straw rye as well two coals from Polish mines: bituminous c...

Microwave (MW)-assisted torrefaction and pelleting could enhance biomass fuel properties energy applications. Plastic wastes are considered as a replacement source binder in pellets to minimize their effect on the environment pollutants. High-density polyethylene (HDPE), an extractable plastic from recycling waste, was investigated for torrefied wheat barley straw pellets. Fuel pellet character...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties coal and biomass ash during sintering process. For study, bituminous coal, lignite, wheat straw, barley rye straw were selected. proximate, ultimate, oxide analyses performed. from these fuels was prepared in a special way that ensured physicochemical invariability initial state mineral matter biomass. purpose selection obtain wi...

This study was carried out in the central county of Ağrı Province order to reveal cattle feeding habits breeders. For this purpose, data were obtained by conducting a face-to-face survey with 400 dairy owners enterprises county. According results from study, it determined that 91.5% breeders produced their forage crops. It also found barley, alfalfa, and sainfoin most plants these enterprises. ...

Rice straw is a residue that causes significant environmental problems, as burning it CO2 and ash emissions, while buried waste can cause issues associated with eutrophication. The extraction of from fields for alternative uses may contribute to solving these but research into its economic viability necessary. be used crop mulching, biofuel, bedding livestock, so on. In this study, we analyse t...