The present study intended to investigate the processing behavior of 2 groups of L2 learners of English (high and mid in proficiency) and a group of English native speakers on English active and passive reduced relative clauses. Three sets of tasks, an offline task, and 2 online tasks were conducted. Results revealed that the high-proficiency group’s performance was the same as that of the nati...

the effect of motivational self-regulatory strategies on l2 learners’ achievement has scarcely been examined within the context of our country, iran. this study is concerned with examining the relationship between motivational self-regulatory strategies and their l2 reading and l2 writing achievement. it also explores the relationship of motivational self-regulatory strategies and use of langua...

Recent studies elaborating on the L2 learning experience component of Motivational Self System (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009), especially through a narrative identity perspective, mark new direction in motivation research. This paper extends this work by exploring connection between and ideal self components. Emerging from different theoretical origins, these components have proved difficult to reconcil...

Both the Human papillomavirus (HPV) major (L1) and minor (L2) capsid proteins have been well investigated as potential vaccine candidates. The L1 protein first oligomerizes into pentamers, and these capsomers assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) that are highly immunogenic. Here we examine the potential of using HPV type 16 (HPV-16) L1 subunits to display a well-characterized HPV-16 L2 epi...

This study examines the links between L2 linguistic knowledge, L2 listening strategy use, self-determined motivation, and L2 listening anxiety relative to L2 listening proficiency. Prior theoretical and empirical work suggests that these variables are interrelated in complex ways, and this hypothesis is tested here using structural equation modeling with a sample of 300 high school foreign lang...

So to define MLS policy, it is necessary to first specify a set of security levels. This set of security levels is associated with a partial order relation denoted <. If l1 and l2 are two security levels then l1 < l2 is read l1 is lower than l2. When < is a partial order relation, it may happen that both l1 < l2 and l2 < l1 and l1 = l2 are false. In this case, we say that l1 and l2 are incompar...

An inguinal lymph node, removed from a 21-year-old Romanian man suspected of having cat scratch disease, was sent to our laboratory for Bartonella culture. Lymph node specimens were inoculated on blood-enriched agar and in an endothelial cell culture system using the centrifugation shell vial technique. Bacteria were grown in cell monolayers and detected as positive with an anti-Bartonella hens...

Programmed death-1 (PD-1), upon engagement by its ligands, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), provides signals that attenuate adaptive immune responses. Here we describe the identification of the Pekin duck PD-L2 (duPD-L2) and its gene structure. The duPD-L2 cDNA encodes a 321 amino acid protein that has an amino acid identity of 76% and 35% with chicken an...