BACKGROUND/AIMS Many studies have shown that experienced second language (L2) learners are more skilled than novice L2 learners at a variety of L2 tasks, including auditory discrimination between members of L2 phonological contrasts. In this paper we argued that while L2 experience is typically beneficial when comparing the effects of more versus less experience, it is not necessarily beneficia...

This computational study integrates anatomical and physiological data to assess the functional role of the lateral excitatory connections between layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal cells (PCs) in shaping their response during early stages of intracortical processing of a whisker deflection (WD). Based on in vivo and in vitro recordings, and 3D reconstructions of connected pairs of L2/3 PCs, our model p...

Stimulation of a principal whisker yields sparse action potential (AP) spiking in layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurons in a cortical column of rat barrel cortex. The low AP rates in pyramidal neurons could be explained by activation of interneurons in L2/3 providing inhibition onto L2/3 pyramidal neurons. L2/3 interneurons classified as local inhibitors based on their axonal projection in the sam...

fluency in a second language (l2) involves a quintessentially cognitive processing system that operates quickly and effectively. the perceived importance of researching fluency through a psycholinguistic lens has motivated the related l2 research to resort to current cognitive speaking-specific models. this study, drawing on levelt’s (1999a) psycholinguistic model, probed the deficiency sources...

The current study examined the correlation among Iranian EFL learners’ emotional intelligence (EI), critical thinking (CT) ability, and L2 vocabulary knowledge (VK). To this end, surveys were administered to 75 Iranian advanced EFL participants. Analyses of the data revealed a mutual relationship between the Iranian EFL learners’ EI and their L2 VK. Similarly, a positive correlation was found b...

Any σ ∈ Gal(L1L2/K) restricted to L1 or L2 is an automorphism since L1 and L2 are both Galois over K. So we get a function R : Gal(L1L2/K)→ Gal(L1/K)×Gal(L2/K) by R(σ) = (σ|L1 , σ|L2). We will show R is an injective homomorphism. To show R is a homomorphism, it suffices to check the separate restriction maps σ 7→ σ|L1 and σ 7→ σ|L2 are each homomorphisms from Gal(L1L2/K) to Gal(L1/K) and Gal(L2...