It is axiomatic that most children, unlike adults, learn to speak and understand a second language (L2) in a native-like manner1 (Munro, Flege, & MacKay, 1996). One of the most salient factors influencing the outcome of child and adult L2 learning is the effect of the leamer's native language (Ll) on the ability to learn L2 consonants and vowels (or "sounds" for short). Adult L2 learners' speec...

In this paper, g-dual function-valued frames in L2(0;1) are in- troduced. We can achieve more reconstruction formulas to ob- tain signals in L2(0;1) by applying g-dual function-valued frames in L2(0;1).

Tight junctions (TJs) are cell-cell adhesive structures that undergo continuous remodeling. We previously demonstrated that Rab13 and a junctional Rab13-binding protein (JRAB)/molecule interacting with CasL-like 2 (MICAL-L2) localized at TJs and mediated the endocytic recycling of the integral TJ protein occludin and the formation of functional TJs. Here, we investigated how JRAB/MICAL-L2 was t...

PURPOSE This study investigated whether past tense use could differentiate children with language impairment (LI) from their typically developing (TD) peers when English is children's second language (L2) and whether L2 children's past tense profiles followed the predictions of Bybee's (2007) usage-based network model. METHOD A group of L2 children with LI (L2-LI) and a matched group of L2-TD...

Based on the controversial beliefs among L2 teachers about effective corrective feedback (CF) strategies, recast and prompts as 2 kinds of CF have drawn the attention of L2 researchers(e.g., Braidi, 2002; Iwashita, 2003; Loewen & Philp, 2006; Panova & Lyster, 2002; Sheen, 2004). Despite these numbers of studies, debate continues to exist about their usefulness as a CF technique. Whereas recasts...

a term in one language rarely has an absolute synonymous meaning in the same language; besides, it rarely has an equivalent meaning in an l2. english synonyms of seeing and hearing are particularly grammatically and semantically different. frame semantics is a good tool for discovering differences between synonymous words in l2 and differences between supposed l1 and l2 equivalents. vocabulary ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the cultural contents and cultural elements represented in Vision (I & II) and Pre-University English (I & II). This study also aimed at determining if there were significant differences between these series in terms of cultural content and cultural element representation. To this end, the two ELT coursebook series were selected and analyzed based on Cortazz...

Interneurons in layers 2/3 are excited by pyramidal cells within the same layer (Reyes et al., 1998; Gupta et al., 2000), but little is known about translaminar innervation of these interneurons by spiny neurons in the main cortical input layer 4 (L4). Here, we investigated (1) how efficiently L4 spiny neurons excite L2/3 interneurons via monosynaptic connections, (2) whether glutamate release ...

7.1.1 L2 Gain for Continuous Time Signals Let S be a behavioral model of a continuous time system (i.e. S is a subset of the set L of all n-dimensional signals – locally square integrable functions v : [0,∞) 7→ R. Let Lw and Le be two fixed real matrices of dimension m-by-n and k-by-n respectively. For every v ∈ S, equalities w = Lwv and e = Lev define two signals w and e which can be viewed as...

Insulin promotes glucose uptake into skeletal muscle through recruitment of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane. Rab GTPases are molecular switches mobilizing intracellular vesicles, and Rab13 is necessary for insulin-regulated GLUT4-vesicle exocytic translocation in muscle cells. We show that Rab13 engages the scaffold protein MICAL-L2 in this process. RNA interference-mediate...