People are constrained by their culture and social life when telling stories. A second language learner then cannot be expected to tell stories in the target language without cross-cultural effects that influence the way of narration. The present study examined the role of the first language (L1) and second language (L2) in the organization of narratives by focusing on Persian speakers’ and EFL...

Culture cultivating in foreign language teaching (FLT) is usually conducted through factual introductions in the form of articles, books, seminars, lectures or workshops. This approach regards L2 learners as passive receivers of cultural knowledge without their interaction involved. This paper aims at raising an interactive approach to develop L2 learner's cultural awareness through contrastive...

The objective of the study was to scrutinise determinants heritage language maintenance and second acquisition in immigrant speakers assess their significance weight. Over one hundred cases bilingual with Polish as L1 (heritage language; abroad) L2 (national learners Poland) were investigated order better understand linguistic changes multilingual practices involved process relocating another c...

Regarding the belief that willingness to communicate is strongly tied with developing some insights into the L2 culture, such a connection may not be always positive and the issue of cultural attachment and identity may sometimes function as a hindrance. Individuals are believed to be highly emotional in terms of “religion and spirituality", among other components of cultural identity. This stu...

Previous research has demonstrated that age of acquisition (AOA) plays an important role in L2 phonological acquisition. However, it is not clear why such AOA effects occur. Researchers have hypothesized that these effects may be explained by social (such as identification with L1/L2 culture), cognitive (ability to imitate, working and phonological memory capacity), and experiential (length of ...

In this Teaching Issues contribution, six instructional strategies to address culture in second language (L2) writing are discussed. These have been conceptualized as a set of heuristics enhance student awareness about various cultural and linguistic resources L2 writing. Each teaching strategy is based on challenges that writers typically encounter the classroom. Thus, needs, align with curren...

Intercultural communication is concerned with communication across cultures. Since cultures as well as languages differ from one another in significant ways, speakers conceptualize the world around them in different ways. These cultural conceptualizations form part of the collective cognition of a speech community or cultural group. This paper is an attempt to delineate some cultural schemas in...