considering rapid growth and migration, higher accumulation of communities along with the high number of shopping trips in mega cities such as tehran brings environmental consequences like excessive amounts of energy use, air pollution and massive urban congestions in all urban trips ending to shopping areas. the present study has been performed in tehran, capital of iran in 2009-2010. with the...

Motivated by modern observational studies, we introduce a class of functional models that expand nested and crossed designs. These models account for the natural inheritance of the correlation structures from sampling designs in studies where the fundamental unit is a function or image. Inference is based on functional quadratics and their relationship with the underlying covariance structure o...

Conservation management often focuses on counteracting the adverse effects of human activities on threatened populations. However, conservation measures may unintentionally relax selection by allowing the 'survival of the not-so-fit', increasing the risk of fixation of maladaptive traits. Here, we report such a case in the critically-endangered Chatham Island black robin (Petroica traversi) whi...

Based on an established common pharmacophore of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNTTIs), a series of quinolin-2-one derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their in vitro activities against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) for the first time. Some of the tested compounds were active against HIV-1 RT. Compounds 4a2 and 4d2 showed inhibitory activities with IC(50) valu...

Cryptolepine is the major alkaloidal constituent of the West African climbing shrub Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, a species used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria and a number of other infectious diseases. Cryptolepine and a number of its synthetic analogues have been shown to have potent antiplasmodial activities using P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase assay (PfLDH). Intraery...

To work together, members of a virtual organisation must be able to establish cooperation, exchange information with each other, and co-ordinate shared activities across open interfaces with strong support from information and communications technologies. This paper promotes the concept of a process ontology as a groundwork for communication, co-operation, and co-ordination for virtual enterpri...

Providing a general purpose programming environment that supports the definition of, and exercises control over, the flow of execution of long-running activities is highly beneficial for a variety of client/server distributed data-intensive applications. In this paper, we present a TransactionOriented Workflow Environment (TOWE) for the programming of long-lived activities through a set of clas...

System integration (SI) activities are playing a major role in turning IT innovations into competitive business applications. Currently, this business is mainly run in a vendor-type mode where system solutions are purchased from an integrator. Current developments in information technology, mainly the advance of global networking, as well as the fiscal treatment of SI transactions indicate a di...

This study aims to explain the antecedents of B2B customer satisfaction in pharmaceutical industry Jordan. The mainly investigates direct role social media marketing on pharmacy staff through lenses Kano model, value creation, and transaction efficiency. Purposive sampling was used collect data from 573 staff. Structural equation modelling regression analysis were assess constructed model’s val...

Executing subordinate activities by pushing return addresses on the stack is the most e cient working mode for sequential programs. It is supported by all current processors, yet in most cases is inappropriate for parallel execution of indepented threads of control. This paper describes an approach of dynamically switching between e cient on-stack execution of sequential threads and o -stack sp...