Introduction. To select the best group, and to make a good decision, are of the most important worries of the health and medical education ministry and also all entrants in the residency test. Having and performing a reliable and good exam will reduce doubts to a great deal. Considering different scientific methods consist of (precisely review of curriculum by the designer committee, sampling o...

Science teacher knowledge for effective teaching consists of multiple bases, one which includes science content and pedagogical knowledge. With the inclusion engineering practices into national education standards in US, teachers’ goes beyond subject matter realm how scientists use scientific inquiry. This study compares two approaches to constructing validating different versions a survey that...