Diverse stresses including starvation and muscle disuse cause skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy are complex and not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45a protein (Gadd45a) is a critical mediator of muscle atrophy. We identified Gadd45a through an unbiased search for potential downstream mediators of the s...

Objective(s): Pregabalin (PGB) is a new antiepileptic drug that has received FDA approval for patient who suffers from central neuropathic pain, partial seizures, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia and sleep disorders. This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible adverse effects of PGB on the muscular system of mice. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effect of PGB on skeletal...

Muscle atrophy following injury can be alleviated by periodic, lateral muscle compression via massage therapy or periodically actuated magnetically hydrogel implants that simulate massage. Although contraction parallel to a muscle’s contractile axis is well known superior such for promoting strengthening in both athletic training and mechanobiology, it not whether this the case preventing disus...

Powers SK, Wiggs MP, Duarte JA, Zergeroglu AM, Demirel HA. Mitochondrial signaling contributes to disuse muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 303: E31–E39, 2012. First published March 6, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00609.2011.—It is well established that long durations of bed rest, limb immobilization, or reduced activity in respiratory muscles during mechanical ventilation results in sk...

The Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors are activated, and necessary for the muscle atrophy, in several pathophysiological conditions, including muscle disuse and cancer cachexia. However, the mechanisms that lead to FoxO activation are not well defined. Recent data from our laboratory and others indicate that the activity of FoxO is repressed under basal conditions via reversible lysin...

permanent facial paralysis is a catastrophic event for involved patients. in long lasting paralysis with severe facial muscles atrophy, masseter muscle transfer is a very good choice. but its greatest problem is postoperative elongation of flap and gradual diminishing of early results and loss of symmetry. this article advocate a new modification for resolving this problem with concomitant elev...

BACKGROUND Muscle atrophy impacts almost every patient seen for orthopaedic conditions. Unfortunately, no effective treatment is available to date. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2, are involved in skeletal muscle atrophy. MMP-2 null mice reportedly have substantially reduced muscle atrophy after tendon transection compared with wild-type mice, suggesting MMP-2 plays an import...

A number of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have been shown to play a role in skeletal muscle atrophy, but their role is not completely understood. Here we show that miR-29b promotes skeletal muscle atrophy in response to different atrophic stimuli in cells and in mouse models. miR-29b promotes atrophy of myotubes differentiated from C2C12 or primary myoblasts, and conversely, its inhibition attenuate...

Objective(s): The purpose of this study is to investigate the indication function of the calcium circulation-related factors on the damage to muscle strength and contraction function after nerve injury. The target factors include ryanodine receptor (RyR), inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), phospholamban (PLN), cryptocalcitonin (CASQ), ATPase and troponin C (T...

Maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and function requires innervation by motor neurons, such that denervation causes muscle atrophy. We show that myogenin, an essential regulator of muscle development, controls neurogenic atrophy. Myogenin is upregulated in skeletal muscle following denervation and regulates expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and atrogin-1, which promote muscle p...