Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure microwave scattering on specimens to simulate paddy fields for the purpose of developing microwave scattering model of paddy fields. In the experiment, the specimens were produced into fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) tube with 70 x 60 x 60 cm volume. The specimens contained soils, water layer and paddy. X-band antennas measured the backscatter fro...

Surface soils, under various land uses, were contaminated by radionuclides that were released by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Because paddy fields are one of the main land uses in Japan, we investigated the spatial distribution of radiocesium and the influence of irrigation water in a paddy field during cultivation. Soil core samples collected at a paddy field in Fukushim...

Colour plays important role in evaluating quality and maturity level of many agricultural products. Immature paddy has been defined as kernels or pieces of grain kernels that are not fully developed and are yellow-green in colour. Immature paddy will caused broken rice and losses during storage. This paper presents a new technique of paddy maturity estimation using various colour indices extrac...

The in situ application of rice straw enhances CH4 emissions by a large margin. The ex situ application of rice straw in uplands, however, may mitigate total global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy-upland coexisting systems. To evaluate the efficiency of this practice, two field trials were conducted in rice-rice-fallow and maize-rape cropping systems, respectively. Y...

The domestic rice industry of Ethiopia is constrained by low productivity, poor quality, and old processing machines. production system done hand or with rudimentary tools, only 2% households have access to tractors. It takes 175 labor days weed 66% the total farm operations. Rice harvesting threshing are manually using a serrated sickle animal trembling respectively. Farmers responsible for mo...

Since the 1970s, services marketing has grown into a major sub discipline of marketing. It is constantly claimed – but is refuted in the article – that services are now the dominant economic activity in developed countries and keeps growing while the two traditional goods sectors, manufacturing and agriculture, are declining. In today's competitive world, having expertise, knowledge and marketi...

Paddy rice is rarely used as a feed because of its high fiber content. In this study, two experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplementing an enzyme complex consisting of xylanase, beta-glucanase and cellulase, to paddy-based diets on the performance and nutrient digestibility in meat-type ducks. In the both experiments, meat-type ducks (Cherry Valley) were randomly assigned to ...

since the 1970s, services marketing has grown into a major sub discipline of marketing. it is constantly claimed – but is refuted in the article – that services are now the dominant economic activity in developed countries and keeps growing while the two traditional goods sectors, manufacturing and agriculture, are declining. in today's competitive world, having expertise, knowledge and ma...

Irrigation accounts for 70% of global water use by humans and 33–40% of global food production comes from irrigated croplands. Accurate and timely information related to global irrigation is therefore needed to manage increasingly scarce water resources and to improve food security in the face of yield gaps, climate change and extreme events such as droughts, floods, and heat waves. Unfortunate...

Conservation of agricultural crops and minimization of grain losses is challenging issue in the present scenario. Effective use of thermal energy for drying of paddy and other cereals for maintaining proper quality is the quality drying process. Natural convection grain dryer is quite suitable for under developed and developing countries like India where rural electrification and advanced dryin...