Cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a scaffolding protein involved in DNA replication, has been described as a key element in survival of mature neutrophil granulocytes, which are non-proliferating cells. Herein, we demonstrated an active export of PCNA involved in cell survival and chemotherapy resistance. Notably, daunorubicin-resistant HL-60 cells (HL-60R) have a prominent c...

Human autoimmune sera specific for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin (auxiliary protein for DNA polymerase delta) demonstrated the presence of epitopes within the macro- and micronuclei of the hypotrichous ciliated protozoa Euplotes eurystomus. Tightly bound PCNA/cyclin was localized at the site of DNA synthesis in macronuclei, the rear zone of the replication band. Starvation or...

There are two distinct pathways for the removal of modified DNA bases through base excision repair (BER) in vertebrates. Following 5' incision by AP endonuclease, the pathways diverge as two different excision mechanisms are possible. In short-patch repair, DNA polymerase beta accounts for both excision activity and single nucleotide repair synthesis. In long-patch repair, the damage-containing...

Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are critical enzymes in nucleic acid metabolism. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a specific protein that is correlated with proliferative activity of cells. The TS gene has a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in its 5'-untranslated region and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the VNTR area. We examin...

PURPOSE Recent production of a monoclonal antibody, PC10, against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) makes it possible to evaluate cell cycling in formalin-fixed tissues. In this study, the authors quantitatively evaluated the relationship between PCNA expression and two other measures of cell cycling, bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (BrdU LI) and mitotic index (MI), in archival uveal m...

Mammalian DNA polymerase δ (pol δ), a four-subunit enzyme, plays a crucial and versatile role in DNA replication and various DNA repair processes. Its function as a chromosomal DNA polymerase is dependent on the association with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) which functions as a molecular sliding clamp. All four of the pol δ subunits (p125, p50, p68, and p12) have been reported to b...

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), commonly known as a nuclear protein essential for regulation of DNA replication, DNA repair, and epigenetics, has recently been associated with multiple cytosolic functions. Many proteins containing one of the two known PCNA-interacting motifs, the AlkB homologue 2 PCNA interacting motif (APIM) and the PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP)-box, are considered...

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) encircles DNA as a ring-shaped homotrimer and, by tethering DNA polymerases to their template, PCNA serves as a critical replication factor. In contrast to high-fidelity DNA polymerases, the activation of low-fidelity translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases seems to require damage-inducible monoubiquitylation (Ub) of PCNA at lysine residue 164 (PCNA...

Mismatch Repair (MMR) is closely linked to DNA replication; however, other than the role of the replicative sliding clamp (PCNA) in various MMR functions, the linkage between DNA replication and MMR has been difficult to investigate. Here we use an in vitro DNA replication system based on simian virus 40, to investigate MMR recruitment to replicating DNA. Both DNA replication and MMR proteins a...

The sliding clamp, PCNA, plays a central role in DNA replication and repair. In the moving replication fork, PCNA is present at the leading strand and at each of the Okazaki fragments that are formed on the lagging strand. PCNA enhances the processivity of the replicative polymerases and provides a landing platform for other proteins and enzymes. The loading of the clamp onto DNA is performed b...