The polycystic kidney diseases (PKD) are a group of genetic disorders causing renal failure and death from infancy to adulthood. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2 receptor antagonists inhibit cystogenesis in animal models of cystic kidney diseases, presumably by downregulating cAMP signaling, cell proliferation, and chloride-driven fluid secretion. For confirmation that the protective effect of the...

The rat Pck gene is orthologous to the human PKHD1 gene responsible for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Both renal and hepatic fibrocystic pathology occur in ARPKD. Affected humans have a variable rate of progression, from morbidly affected infants to those surviving into adulthood. This study evaluated the PCK rat, a model of slowly progressive ARPKD. This model originat...

A cDNA encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) of Urochloa panicoides (a PCK-type C4 plant) was expressed in rice (Oryza sativa cv Tsukinohikari) plants under the control of the promoter of a maize (Zea mays) gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase or pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase with the transit peptide of the small subunit of Rubisco. Crude extracts prepared from the green leav...

Corynebacterium glutamicum possesses phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase, oxaloacetate decarboxylase and malic enzyme, all three in principle being able to catalyze the first step in gluconeogenesis. To investigate the role of PEP carboxykinase for growth and amino acid production, the respective pck gene was isolated, characterized and used for construction and analysis of mutants and over...

Diagnostic competences of teachers are an essential prerequisite for the individual support students and, therefore, highly important. There is a substantial amount research on teachers’ diagnostic competences, mostly operationalized as accuracy, and how may be influenced by professional knowledge base. While this line already includes studies influence content (CK), pedagogical (PCK), pedagogi...

Specialized science courses (SSCs) integrate content knowledge (CK) with pedagogical (PCK) and prepare pre-service teachers (PSTs) for reform-oriented teaching. Studies of individual SSCs report positive short-term outcomes, including an increase in self-efficacy CK. However, few studies explore the longer-term impact on classroom We carried out exploratory case study three PSTs from a Norwegia...

This article not only presents a paradigm shift as methodological model for teaching heritage and social sciences (SSCC), but also offers foundation the challenge-based learning (CBL) methodology. We present various educational innovations in science cultural education based on use of CBL during initial teacher training at University Andorra. These proposals take into account TPACK (Technologic...

"Kybernetische PP adagogik" (cybernetic pedagogic) and research in "Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS)" basically are based on the same idea: to model the structure and process of instruction where the goal is to develop a learner-adaptive, exible and objective teaching programs. The theoretical background was developed by the cybernetic pedagogic. As H. Frank ((Frank70b], S. 260f) realized ins...