Futures contract is one of the most important derivatives that is used in financial markets in all over the world to buy or sell an asset or commodity in the future. Pricing of this tool depends on expected price of asset or commodity at the maturity date. According to this, theoretical futures pricing models try to find this expected price in order to use in the futures contract. So in this ar...

One of the key issues for implementing congestion pricing is the pricing granularity (i.e. pricing interval or time-scale). The Internet traffic is highly variant and hard to control without a mechanism that operates on very low time-scales, i.e. on the order of round-trip-times (RTTs). However, pricing naturally operates on very large time-scales because of human involvement. Moreover, structu...

Data as a commodity has always been purchased and sold. Recently, web services that are data marketplaces have emerged that match data buyers with data sellers. So far there are no guidelines how to price queries against a database. We consider the recently proposed query-based pricing framework of Koutris et al. [13] and ask the question of computing optimal input prices in this framework by f...

The sports industry has seen a rapid adoption of dynamic pricing practices in recent years. However, there is still limited understanding on the effect of dynamic pricing on revenue in sport event settings and how to execute effective dynamic pricing strategies. In this paper, we address these issues by developing a comprehensive demand model for single-game ticket sales that can be used to pre...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Business-to-business pricing Price setting Industrial pricing decisions Behavioral bias in pricing Business-to-business pricing research has often focused on developing rational and normative frameworks and models for pricing issues, strategies and tactics. However, there has been less attention given to behavioral models that help us understand the realities of ...

For improving the current pricing mode of medical services, the present study seeks to explore the pricing elements and processes, and establish the dynamic pricing model of involving both the government and hospitals. The pricing process and mathematical model show the logical relationships between medical prices and pricing elements. The causal relationship model reveals how to accomplish dyn...

The technological advances in recent years are allowing Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to provide Quality of Service (QoS) assurance for traffic through their domains. This article develops a spot pricing framework for intra-domain expected bandwidth contract with'a loss based QoS guarantee. The framework accounts for both the cost and the risks associated with QoS delivery. A nonlinear pric...

This paper presents a location-inventory-pricing model for designing the distribution network of a supply chain with price-sensitive demands and inventory-capacity constraints. The supply chain has market power and uses markup pricing. An efficient Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is proposed to solve the model. Our numerical study shows that by moderately increasing the number of possible value...

We empirically investigate predictions from alternative intermediary asset pricing theories. The theories distinguish themselves in their use of intermediary equity or leverage as pricing factors or forecasting variables. We find strong support for a parsimonious dynamic pricing model based on broker-dealer leverage as the return forecasting variable and shocks to broker-dealer leverage as a cr...