Based on a novel class of orthogonal pulse pairs, new full-response quadrature-quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal format is proposed in the paper. The proposed full-response QPSK signals can provide higher spectral compactness than conventional fullresponse QPSK signal, minimum-shift keying signal and quadrature phase-shift keying signal.

PURPOSE A factor common to the results of many satisfaction surveys of elders is a lack of response variability. Increasing response variability may be useful if satisfaction surveys of elders are to be productively used in the future. In this paper, we first examine elders' preferences between five response formats and then examine the response variability of these five commonly used formats. ...