It is generally assumed that language a purposeful goal-oriented activity; its main objective the internalization of system rules which defines correct linguistic competence accompanied by required communicative competence. Added to that, Language unity four major skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. Recently, it has been argued on both linguistics psychological grounds spea...

Speaking skill is a very important role in elementary school. skills are mechanistic, meaning that speaking acquired through continuous process of practice. The purpose this research to describe an implementation Qur'an learning (Qur'an and meaning) developing fourth-class students at Elementary school Islamic Narrative Lamongan. This used qualitative approach with descriptive type. data collec...

Background: Finding the right word is a necessity in communication, and its evaluation has always been a challenging clinical issue, suggesting the need for valid and reliable measurements. The Homophone Meaning Generation Test (HMGT) can measure the ability to switch between verbal concepts, which is required in word retrieval. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Persian ve...

In experimental research, a pretest–posttest design is often used to examine the effect of treatment or intervention. Establishing equivalency across tests essential for this type research ensure validity study results. However, studies that explore test/task are scarce in second language research. This investigates seven picture-based narrative tasks such as those commonly and tests. The oral ...

The current mixed-method study investigated two groups of Korean-speaking short-term sojourners in Australia. One group (students) was composed learners enrolled English training programs, whereas the other (workers) workplace. We administered questionnaires and a semi-structured interview to examine their willingness communicate (WTC) as second language (L2) explored relationship between this ...