Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is an alternative technique to obtain measurements of surface displacement providing better spatial resolution and comparable accuracy at an extremely lower cost per area than conventional surveying methods. InSAR is becoming more and more popular in monitoring urban deformations, however, the technique requires advanced tools and high level compe...

Wireless Underground Communication Networks (WUCNs) consist of wireless devices that operate below the ground surface. These devices are either (i) buried completely under dense soil, or (ii) placed within a bounded open underground space, such as underground mines and road/subway tunnels. The main difference between WUCNs and the terrestrial wireless communication networks is the communication...

To study stress field distributions during the construction of a group tunnels using pile–beam–arch method, excavation for an underground station Beijing subway line 7 was taken as engineering problem, and numerical structural model tunnel built with aid software. In this model, four stress-monitoring planes were set up to extract data obtained from monitoring stress. The pilot simulated accord...

In this paper, we investigate how to increase the capacity of GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) radio interfaces in subway tunnel environments by means of antenna arrays and Space–Time (ST) receivers. We address the modeling, both theoretically and experimentally, of the multiple-antenna wireless channels encountered in subway tunnels. We demonstrate that propagation is conveniently...

Subway is consisted of tunnels, platforms and ventilation shafts. The air flow between these structures forms a ventilation network. There is a need for fire modeling tools capable of both rapid and precise simulation for fire and smoke propagation in such ventilation network. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used in subway fire performance design. However, the boundary conditions u...

Nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. In some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. Theref...