Design problems manifest themselves in many ways. Before anything resembling a true “science of design” can emerge, tools for classifying the design task must be developed. One such tool involves the task complexity construct, which comes in three distinct forms: objective complexity, problem space complexity and lack of structure. These forms, which can appear individually or in combination, e...

Complexity is crucial to characterize tasks performed by humans through computer systems. Yet, the theory and practice of crowdsourcing currently lacks a clear understanding of task complexity, hindering the design of effective and efficient execution interfaces or fair monetary rewards. To understand how complexity is perceived and distributed over crowdsourcing tasks, we instrumented an exper...

Extracting biomedical relations such as drug-drug interaction (DDI) from text is an important task in biomedical NLP. Due to the large number of complex sentences in biomedical literature, researchers have employed some sentence simplification techniques to improve the performance of the relation extraction methods. However, due to difficulty of the task, there is no noteworthy improvement in t...

there is no doubt that augmented feedback has an important role in improvinglearning. however, it is the content of the feedback which is challenging. the aimof the present study was to examine the effect of feedback on successful versusunsuccessful trials on simple and complex tracking tasks. for this purpose, 48undergraduate right-handed male and female students of hakim sabzevari teachertrai...

The main purpose of the study reported in this paper was to examine the interrelationships between L2 risk-taking, English learning motivation, L2 speaking anxiety, linguistic confidence, and low-proficiency English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ speaking complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). A secondary purpose was to test whether task repetition can influence the level of the mentio...