By using particles, beam search and sequential Monte Carlo can approximate distributions in an extremely flexible manner. However, they can suffer from sparsity and inadequate coverage on large state spaces. We present a new filtering method for discrete spaces that addresses this issue by using “abstract particles,” each of which represents an entire region of state space. These abstract parti...

This paper proposes a cognitive model for human procedural skill acquisition based on problem sol\ing in problem spaces and the use or’ an&)g! for buildmg the reprcscnration of operator semantics. Protocol data of computer-naive subjects learning the EhlACS text editor suaests that they use their knowledge of typewriting to decide Hhich commands to use in performing editing tasks. We propose a ...

Tools for visualizing and creating groundtruth and metadata are crucial for document image analysis research. In this paper we describe TrueViz [LK00, KLCB01], which is a tool for visualizing and editing groundtruth/metadata. We rst describe the groundtruthing task and the requirements for any interactive groundtruthing tool. Next we describe the system design of TrueViz and discuss how a user ...

Abstract This is a report on an empirical study the usability for translation trainees of neural machine systems when post-editing ( mtpe ). Sixty Chinese completed questionnaire their perceptions 's usability. Fifty them later performed both task and regular task, designed to examine by comparing performance in terms text processing speed, effort, quality. Contrasting data collected questionna...

Persian  learners  of  English  often  avoid  attending  to  audience  considerations,  which  brings them  lower  scores.  The  present  study  was  conducted  in  a  major  university  in  Iran  to  help Persian learners develop a sense of audience awareness in writing. Thirty five Persian students of English  were trained  with a focus on process-oriented instruction. The intended task was a...

AbstractDespite the demonstrated editing capacity in latent space of a pretrained GAN model, inverting real-world images is stuck dilemma that reconstruction cannot be faithful to original input. The main reason for this distributions between training and data are misaligned, because that, it unstable inversion real image editing. In paper, we propose novel prior based framework tackle out-of-d...

Revising and editing are important parts of the writing process. In fact, multiple revision and editing cycles are crucial for the production of high-quality texts. However, revising and editing are also tedious and error-prone, since changes may introduce new errors. Grammar checkers, as offered by some word processors, are not a solution. Besides the fact that they are only available for few ...

To date, automatic handwriting recognition systems are far from being perfect and heavy human intervention is often required to check and correct the results of such systems. This “post-editing” process is both inefficient and uncomfortable to the user. An example is the transcription of historic documents: State-of-the-art handwritten text recognition technology is not suitable to perform this...