نتایج جستجو برای: transportation cost discount

تعداد نتایج: 444075  

Journal: :international journal of environmental research 0
sh. afandizadeh faculty of civil engineering, iran university of science and technology, iran n. kalantari faculty of civil engineering, iran university of science and technology, iran h. rezaeestakhruie faculty of civil engineering, sharif university, iran

nowadays, the environmental impact of transportation project and, especially air pollution impacts, are major concerns in evaluating transportation projects. based on this concern, beside definition of traditional objective functions like total travel time and total investment cost, different type of environmental related function is considered as objective function in urban network design. in ...

Journal: :journal of industrial engineering and management studies 0
f. gholian-jouybari department of industrial engineering, shomal university, amol, iran. a. j. afshari department of industrial engineering, shomal university, amol, iran. m. m. paydar department of industrial engineering, babol university of technology, babol, iran.

in this paper, we consider the fuzzy fixed-charge transportation problem (ffctp). both of fixed and transportation cost are fuzzy numbers. contrary to previous works, electromagnetism-like algorithms (em) is firstly proposed in this research area to solve the problem. three types of em; original em, revised em, and hybrid em are firstly employed for the given problem. the latter is being firstl...

Elham Maghool Jafar Razmi

Supplier selection and material procurement planning are the most important issues in supply chain management. This decision is complicated when the buyers face with discount price schemes. In real situation, each supplier may apply different methods such as different types of discount schedules and various types of payment in order to increase market share. In this situation, buyers try to sel...

2015
Yongrui Duan Jianwen Luo Jiazhen Huo

In this paper, a single-vendor, single-buyer supply chain for fixed lifetime product is considered. We propose models to analyze the benefit of coordinating supply chain through quantity discount strategy. Under the proposed strategy, the buyer is requested to alter his current order size such that the vendor can benefit from lower costs, and quantity discount is offered by the vendor to compen...

Journal: :Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES 2002
Qun Xu Zheng-Lai Wu Shui-Gao Jin Li-Xing Zhang

OBJECTIVE To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease. METHODS An assumed cohort of 2,000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cases in Beijing in 1994. Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity with natural history and DOTS intervention were constructed based on the epidemiological parameters. RE...

2012
Martin L. Weitzman

What is the best way to incorporate a risk premium into the discount rate schedule for a real investment project with uncertain payo¤s? The standard CAPM formula suggests a beta-weighted average of the return on a safe investment and the mean return on an economy-wide representative risky investment. Suppose, though, that the project constitutes a tail-hedged investment, meaning that it is expe...

Journal: :journal of industrial engineering, international 2008
o.e charles-owaba a.e oluleye f.a oyawale s.k oke

the conventional method towards deriving schedule for a fleet of ships to minimize cost alone has the short-coming of not addressing the problem of operation revenue losses associated with delays during maintenance at ships dockyards. in this paper, a preventive maintenance schedule for a fleet of ships that incorporates op-portunity cost is presented. the idea is to assign a penalty cost to al...

Journal: :Games and Economic Behavior 2003
Elchanan Ben-Porath Michael Kahneman

We study repeated games with discounting where perfect monitoring is possible, but costly. It is shown that if players can make public announcements, then every payoff vector which is an interior point in the set of feasible and individually rational payoffs can be implemented in a sequential equilibrium of the repeated game when the discount factor is high enough. Thus, efficiency can be appro...

2009
Tomas Kögel Xueqin Zhu

To justify substantial carbon emission reductions, recent literature on cost-benefit analysis of climate change suggests discounting environmental quality at a lower discount rate than the standard consumption discount rate. Recent literature also shows that a theoretical foundation for such a lower environmental discount rate requires rising willingness-to-pay for environmental quality (WTP). ...

2013
JEAN-FRANÇOIS AUDY

In the academic and professional literature on freight transportation, computer-based planning methods have a long time ago been identified as a means to achieve cost reduction through enhanced transportation operations efficiency. More recently, inter-firm collaboration in transportation planning has been investigated as a means to provide further gains in efficiency and, in turn, to achieve a...

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