Computer-aided language learning (CALL) applications for adult learners are well-established. Tutoring applications for children require special didactic and ergonomic concepts. Except for low functionality (toy-like) products for children and PDA-based solutions, embedded systems seem to be not present in the market yet. The authors currently adapt baseline tutoring technology for adult learne...

A critical question about early word learning is whether word learning constraints such as mutual exclusivity exist and foster early language acquisition. It is well established that children will map a novel label to a novel rather than a familiar object. Evidence for the role of mutual exclusivity in such indirect word learning has been questioned because: (1) it comes mostly from 2 and 3-yea...

the cognitive predictors (i.e.,phonological awareness, and rapid automatized naming) underlying reading achievement have not been researched in iranian partial english immersion and non-immersion programs. the present study sought to investigate the relationship between english and persian phonological awareness (pa), rapid autamatized naming (ran) and reading achievementof iranian students in ...

     The objective of the present study was to identify and examine the influence of instructional tools, namely, games, songs and stories on young Iranian EFL learners’ achievement utilizing a quantitative design. To conduct the study 65 Iranian EFL learners, divided into an experimental group and a control group, learning English at Navid English Institute, Shiraz, Iran, participated in the s...

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PURPOSE This study examined whether English-only vocabulary instruction or English vocabulary instruction enhanced with Spanish bridging produced greater word learning in young Spanish-speaking children learning English during a storybook reading intervention while considering individual language characteristics. METHOD Twenty-two Spanish-speaking children learning English (ages 4-6) who part...

Boundaries between formal and informal learning settings are shaped by influences beyond learners’ control. This can lead to the proscription of some familiar technologies that learners may like to use from some learning settings. This contested demarcation is not well documented. In this paper, we introduce the term ‘digital dissonance’ to describe this tension with respect to learners’ approp...

The covid-19 pandemic has brought influential disruptions to the education sector. EFL teachers ought find ways trigger their learners by utilizing ICT. Digital literacy tools which it possible for young improve understanding of every word, text, and meaning conveyed. There will be new risks threats that can only countered with adequate digital knowledge in all-digital situations. Young are ind...

INTRODUCTION Individuals with intellectual disabilities are rarely targeted by the current human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) response, thereby reducing their access to HIV information and services. Currently, little is known about the HIV knowledge and sexual practices of young Nigerians with intellectual disabilities. Thus, this study sought to compare the HIV knowledge and sexual practices o...