The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) genes encode transcription factors that are characterized by the presence of both a homeodomain and a leucine zipper motif. They belong to the homeobox gene superfamily and have been reported only from flowering plants. This article is the first report on the ferm HD-Zip genes (named Crhb1-Crhb11) isolated from the homosporous ferm Ceratopteris richardii....

background: stroke is a prevalent cause of disability in adults. the fall is the most common balance and motor impairments, which affects the quality of life in stroke patients. this study aims to employ random effects hurdle model for evaluating the balance improvement in stroke patients under the occupational therapy. methods: in this longitudinal study with repeated measurement during one ye...

Arabidopsis inflorescence stems develop extraxylary fibers at specific sites in interfascicular regions. The spatial specification of interfascicular fiber differentiation is regulated by the INTERFASCICULAR FIBERLESS1 ( IFL1 ) gene because mutation of that gene abolishes the formation of normal interfascicular fibers in Arabidopsis stems. To understand further the role of IFL1 in the specifica...

Arabidopsis inflorescence stems develop extraxylary fibers at specific sites in interfascicular regions. The spatial specification of interfascicular fiber differentiation is regulated by the INTERFASCICULAR FIBERLESS1 (IFL1) gene because mutation of that gene abolishes the formation of normal interfascicular fibers in Arabidopsis stems. To understand further the role of IFL1 in the specificati...

BACKGROUND Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) proteins, a group of homeobox transcription factors, participate in various aspects of normal plant growth and developmental processes as well as environmental responses. To date, no overall analysis or expression profiling of the HD-Zip gene family in soybean (Glycine max) has been reported. METHODS AND FINDINGS An investigation of the soybean g...

The death-associated protein (DAP) kinase family includes three protein kinases, DAP kinase, DAP kinase-related protein 1, and ZIP kinase, which display 80% amino acid identity within their catalytic domains and are functionally linked to common subcellular changes occurring during cell death, such as the process of membrane blebbing. Here we show physical and functional cross talk between DAP ...

In this study, 33 homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) genes were identified in peach using the HD-ZIP amino acid sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and the individual gene or protein characteristics, the HD-ZIP gene family in peach can be classified into 4 subfamilies, HD-ZIP I, II, III, and IV, containing 14, 7, 4, and 8 members, respectively. The ...

Hybrid poplar genetically engineered to possess chemically labile ester linkages in its lignin backbone (zip-lignin hybrid poplar) was examined to determine if the strategic lignin modifications would enhance chemical pulping efficiencies. Kraft pulping of zip-lignin and wild-type hybrid poplar was performed in lab-scale reactors under conditions of varying severity by altering time, temperatur...

Spatial memory in rodents can be erased following the infusion of zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) into the dorsal hippocampus via indwelling guide cannulas. It is believed that ZIP impairs spatial memory by reversing established late-phase long-term potentiation (LTP). However, it is unclear whether other forms of hippocampus-dependent memory, such as recognition memory, are also supported by hip...

Cancers arise from the accumulation of multiple mutations in genes regulating cellular growth and differentiation. Identification of such mutations in numerous genes represents a significant challenge in genetic analysis, particularly when the majority of DNA in a tumor sample is from wild-type stroma. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a new type of DNA microchip that combines p...