Benders decomposition algorithm for a green closed-loop supply chain under a build-to-order environment

Nowadays, researches pay more attention to environmental concerns consisted of various communities. This study proposes a multi-echelon, multi-period closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). A comprehensive model considers the selection of selection of technology and environmental effects. The supply chain is under a build-to-order (BTO) environment. So, there is not a final product inventory. Also, the returned products disassembled into reused components. The bi-objective mixed-integer linear problem is solved by a Benders decomposition algorithm by validating some numerical experiments. The convergence is also shown in the property.