Applications of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Viral Infections and Toxicological Considerations

Viral infections can cause of death in humans worldwide, despite the tremendous  progress in human medicine. Particle size is a very important physical characteristic that can affect bioavailability and circulation time of nanoparticles. The ratio of large surface area and volume of nanoparticle enhanced solubility of poorly soluble drug compounds, optimum surface charge of the nanoparticle with the possibility of encapsulation, and large drug cargo are some of nanoformulation advantages. This study reviewed the various nanocarriers and new smart delivery technologies such as liposomes and immunoliposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, etc., to overcome the problems of traditional formulations and resistance to currently available therapies. the concerns about the potential toxicities of nanoparticles to human have been raised, therefore, the present study was also aimed at reviewing cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles has been published in literatures. Due to the high prevalence of viruses, we need to develop of novel treatment strategies and deliver the site-specific delivery of antiviral agents at the viral reservoirs.