Assessment of the Relationship between Hyperglycemia during the First 24 Hours Post-surgery and the Type of Calorie Intake in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: The present study aimed to determine the mean blood glucose during the first 24 h post-surgery and its relation with the source of calorie intake.Methods: The data of the current observational retrospective study was collected from hospital medical records. A total of 45 neonates suffering from atresia in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, who were candidates for open abdominal surgery from September to October 2016 were selected. Blood glucose within 24 h after the surgery were taken four times using a glucometer. Moreover, the mean blood glucose during this period was calculated. Independent Student's t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression model were performed to assess the association of post-operative blood glucose with calorie and macronutrient intakes.Results: In one third of neonates, the mean blood glucose of the samples during the first day after the surgery was ≥180 mg/dl and the rest of them had mean blood glucose of 40-179 mg/dl. There was a significant relationship between blood glucose BG≥180 mg/dl and calorie (P=0.001), macronutrient (carbohydrate (P<0.001), and fat (P=0.04)) intakes. After adjustment of confounding variables, carbohydrate intake was found as an independent factor in increasing BG≥180 mg/dl during the first 24 h after the surgery (P=0.01). In addition, fat intake was observed as an effective factor in decreasing BG≥180 mg/dl during this time (P=0.04).Conclusion: The present study revealed that there was a significant relationship between mean blood glucose during the first 24 h after the surgery and intake of macronutrients (carbohydrate and fat).