Synthesis of nano HA/βTCP mesoporous particles using a simple modification in granulation method in PVA/ Oil and investigation of biological response

Granulation method in the mixture of oil, water, and PVA was used to synthesize HA/βTCP porous nano-powders. Results showed that the presence of oil in PVA/oil system results in crystallization of mesoporous HA/βTCP particles with the surface area of 93 cm2/g. Using Rietveld method, the amounts of HA/βTCP and amorphous phases in the oven-dried PVA substrate powders after heat-treatment were calculated as about 65, 13, and 22 wt.%, respectively. RSM modeling showed that TEOS is the optimum surfactant in this method.  Bioactivity test showed that HA/ βTCP  sample is bioactive in SBF medium. According to cell viability results, synthesized powder in the presence of oil/PVA, which was then modified by 25 wt.% of TEOS, did not cause toxicity. Using Alizarin Red S staining quantification assay, it was found that after modification by TEOS, bone-nodule formation was enhanced by 25%.