The Factors Affecting on Banking Crisis Loss with Emphasis on Policy Frameworks

The main purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of banking crisis loss, the variables of policy framework especially, for 12 sample countries over the period 1980-2019. Accordingly, we extracted pre-crisis and post-crisis trends from countries' real GDPs and then calculated output loss for the crisis year and three years afterwards. In the following, we used the Poisson quasi-maximum likelihood (PPML) method to estimate basic model and model by considering the variables related to the policy framework. Our findings of basic model show the variables of real per capita GDP, inflation, bank credit to GDP ratio, have a significant positive effect and variables of financial openness and discretionary government spending have a significant negative effect on output loss related to banking crisis. Also, our analysis of different models with the presence variables of fiscal rules, exchange rate regimes, central bank independence and conservatism reveals that using of more flexible policies instead of extremely restrictive policy frameworks, such as having a balanced budget, a soft peg regime (intermediate exchange regime) and a central bank with less degree of independence and conservatism, are suitable for managing and reducing output loss related to banking crisis.