The Objective Source of Moral Values from the Standpoints of Plato and Ibn ‘Arabī on the Basis of Doctrines of Ideas and Immutable Entities

Belief in eternality of the source of moral values has a great influence on people’s way of thinking and their lifestyles. This research analytically and explanatorily compares the views of two leading thinkers in the Islamic and Western worlds: Plato and Ibn ‘Arabī. While according to Plato’s theory of “Ideas”, all phenomena including moral values such as brevity and justice have examples, ideas, and the objective sources in the ideal world, according to Ibn ‘Arabī’s theory of Immutable Entities, since every created object is a manifestation of divine names and attributes, also morals are manifestations of divine names and attributes. Moral truths constitute moral immutable entities at the level of divine knowledge. They are manifested in human morality as man can reveal all divine names.