Javad Akbari

[ 1 ] - Enriching Speaking Fluency through Conversational Gambits and Routines among Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners

The activity of speaking is conducted spontaneously and there is not much time devoted to preplanning and arranging the utterances the speaker intends to deliver. Briefly defined, gambits and routines refer to the words and phrases that facilitate the flow of conversations. As such, one way to help learners acquire oral proficiency is to teach gambits that support the social skills emphasized. ...