Gromov-Witten invariants for arbitrary projective varieties and arbitrary genus are constructed using the techniques from [K. Behrend, B. Fantechi. The Intrinsic Normal Cone.] Introduction In [2] the problem of constructing the Gromov-Witten invariants of a smooth projective variety V was reduced to defining a ‘virtual fundamental class’ [M g,n(V, β)] virt ∈ A(1−g)(dim V−3)−β(ωV )+n(M g,n(V, β)...

In this paper we shall present a natural generalisation of the notion of automorphism of a graph or digraph G, namely a two-fold automorphism. This is a pair (α, β) of permutations of the vertex set V(G) which acts on ordered pairs of vertices of G in the natural way. The action of (α, β) on all such ordered pairs gives a graph which is two-fold isomorphic to G. When α = β the two-fold automorp...

In mammalian cells, murine N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) removes bases damaged spontaneously or by chemical agents through the process called base excision repair (BER). In this study, we investigated the influence of POL β deficiency on MPG-initiated BER efficiency and the expression levels of BER-related proteins in log-phase and growth-arrested (G(0)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs...

BACKGROUND Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) can adopt different active conformations facilitating a selective activation of either G protein or β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways. This represents an opportunity for development of novel therapeutics targeting selective biological effects of a given receptor. Several studies on pathway separation have been performed, many of these on th...

Abstract Background Raw materials composed of easily assimilated monosaccharides have been employed as carbon source for production microbial lipids. Nevertheless, agro-industrial wastes rich in galactose-based carbohydrates not introduced feedstocks oleaginous yeasts. Results In this study, Aureobasidium namibiae A12 was found to efficiently accumulate lipid from soy molasses and whey powder c...

In this study, a novel adamantanamine-paclitaxel (AD-PTX) incorporated oligochitosan- carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CSO-g-CM-β-CD) self-assembly macromolecular (CSO-g-CM-β-CD@AD-PTX) micelle was successfully prepared in water through sonication. The formed molecules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, two-dimension...

Given a complete edge-weighted graph G, we present a polynomial time algorithm to compute a degree-four-bounded spanning Eulerian subgraph of 2G that has at most 1.5 times the weight of an optimal TSP solution of G. Based on this algorithm and a novel use of orientations in graphs, we obtain a (3β/4 + 3β/4)-approximation algorithm for TSP with β-relaxed triangle inequality (β-TSP), where β ≥ 1....

background: the double heterozygous state of α/β thalassemia may alter the hematological indices and modify the phonotype. in addion, definite characterizaon of co-inheritance of α- and β-thalassemia heterozygous carriers may change the process of genec counseling. materials and methods: an iranian couple with low hematological indices was analyzed for α-globin gene deleons using mulplex g...