4-Aminoquinolines were hybridized with artemisinin and 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives via the Ugi-four-component condensation reaction, and their biological activities investigated. The artemisinin-containing compounds 6a-c and its salt 6c-citrate were the most active target compounds in the antiplasmodial assays. However, despite the potent in vitro activities, they also displayed cytotoxicity...

Background and objectives: The plants of genus Artemisia (Asteraceae) have been conventionally used for prevention and medication of a number of ailments. In the present research, ten extracts with different polarities from aerial parts of two Artemisia species, A. kopetdaghensis and A. turcomanica were evaluated for their potential anti-malarial properties. Methods: The plant materials were ex...

background: falciparum malaria is a severe health burden worldwide. antigen presenting cells are reported to be affected by erythrocytic stage of the parasite. malarial hemozoin (hz), a metabolite of malaria parasite, has adjuvant properties and may play a role in the induction of immune response against the parasite. objective: to determine the immunological impact of hemozoin on the capacity ...

Indole acetic acid (IAA) is an important regulator of adventitious rooting via the activation of complex signaling cascades. In animals, carbon monoxide (CO), mainly generated by heme oxygenases (HOs), is a significant modulator of inflammatory reactions, affecting cell proliferation and the production of growth factors. In this report, we show that treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor ...

Recent studies suggest that carbon monoxide (CO), which is produced in significant quantities in many brain regions including the hypothalamus, may function as a neurotransmitter. The purpose of the present study therefore was to access whether CO is capable of regulating the secretion of the hypothalamic releasing factor, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). To this end, medial basal hypotha...

The saturable uptake of chloroquine by parasites of Plasmodium falciparum has been attributed to specific carrier-mediated transport of chloroquine. It is suggested that chloroquine is transported in exchange for protons by the parasite membrane Na+/H+ exchanger [J Biol Chem 272:2652-2658 (1997)]. Once inside the parasite, it is proposed that chloroquine inhibits the polymerization of hematin, ...