Sleep deprivation (SD) can modulate the production of various cytokines, including pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, anti-inflammatory IL-10. Paradoxical sleep (PSD) increases risk inflammation but be relieved by recovery (SR). This study aimed to determine differences in levels cortisol inflammatory (IL-6, IL-10, dan IFN-γ) male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) a...

objective(s):in this study, the serum level of interferon-γ (ifn- γ) and interlukin-4 (il-4) was evaluated as a marker of th1 and th2 immune response that influence the clinical course of cutaneous leishmaniasis[r1] . materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (21 cases with healed lesions and 23 cases with chronic non-healing lesions....

objective(s):although recent investigations have shown chronic inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases might be ameliorated by exercise; little is known about the relation between exercise training with anti/pro-inflammatory cytokines. materials and methods: this cross sectional study was conducted to compare interleukin-4 (il-4), il-6, il-10, il-12, il-13, interferon gamma (ifn-γ) le...

Background: Tuberculosis is a disease with high morbidity, caused mainly by Mycobaterium tuberculosis (M.tb.). DNA vaccines show a promising future due to their unique advantages over conventional methods. The early-secreted antigen target (ESAT)-6 and culture filtrate protein (CFP)-10 of M.tb. antigens have been identified as vaccine candidates against Mycobacteria and used as subunit vaccines...

Objective: Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide which induces oxidative stress and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects were shown for Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) and carvacrol previously. The effects of Z. multiflora hydroalcoholic extract and carvacrol on systemic inflammation and oxidative stressinduced by inhaled PQ were examine...

BACKGROUND Diagnosis and treatment monitoring of patients with tuberculosis remain challenging. OBJECTIVE We have evaluated whether Mycobacterium-specific interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 bifunctional cytokine immune response assays improve the diagnosis of and correlate to treatment response in pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS Early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)6/culture filtra...

Two cytokines IL-4 and IL-12 are known to determine the balance between Th1 and Th2 development. In addition to IL-4 production of Vα14 NKT cells, they have recently been demonstrated to have the capacity to stimulate IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells (APC). This study demonstrates that IFN-γ is absolutely required for the NKT cell-stimulated IL-12 production. Culture of B cell-deple...

In the previous study, we found that the levels of IL-21 in nasal polyps (NPs) were significantly increased and associated with polyp size and recurrence. However, it is unclear that the cell source of IL-21 and the regulation of IL-21 in NP tissues. In the present study, we isolated the lymphocytes from NP tissues, uncinate tissues and peripheral blood of patients with NPs. The cells were anal...