First consider pure science. Science is the body of knowledge about the world we live in which has been found by the activity we call research. Note that in considering the nature of science or research we are in no way concerned with the formalisms or techniques we have discussed. These are merely means to an end a set of man-made tools from which we each make our own selections when we do res...

part of the body to the innominate bones. The sacrum also conducts the sacral nerve roots to the pelvic organs. Each innominate bone is a fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubic bones. The intersection of the fusion forms the acetabulum, which articulates with the femur. Posteriorly, the innominate bones are anchored to the sacrum by the anterior and posterior iliac ligaments, two of the body’s...

cept can serve as a basis for identifying subgroups that are in need of programmatic action. Unmet need rises as more women would like to control their fertility but for various reasons are unable to do so, and it falls as more start practicing contraception. However, high levels of unmet need in a country do not necessarily reflect program failure, nor do low levels always indicate program suc...

1. One Way Permutations with Trapdoor We recall the definition of a one-way functions with trapdoor as introduced in lecture 3. We consider a set of one-way permutations {fi:Di→Di} , i∈I⊆{0,1}* where the Di are finite domains, and I is some index set. example: in RSA scheme the functions are { f (N,e):ZN * →ZN }, where N =p .q for primes p,q and e is relatively prime with φ(N). The functions fi...

Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic active against most Gram-positive organisms, including methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In animal studies, antibiotics administered more than 3 h after bacterial contamination have no observable effect on the development of wound infection. The lowest rate of surgical wound infection in clean and clean-contaminated surgery, occurs in pa...

Renal clearance (CLR), a major route of elimination for many drugs and drug metabolites, represents the net result of glomerular filtration, active secretion and reabsorption, and passive reabsorption. The aim of this study was to develop quantitative structurepharmacokinetic relationships (QSPKR) to predict CLR of drugs or drug-like compounds in humans. Human CLR data for 382 compounds were ob...

even when the effects of socioeconomic and behavioral factors—such as income, education, adequacy of prenatal care and harmful habits—are taken into account.5 In addition, despite the wide selection of safe and effective contraceptive methods and extensive dissemination of contraceptive information, unwanted pregnancy remains an important U. S. public health problem. More than half of the six m...

Underand over-nutrition during pregnancy has been linked to the later development of diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Epigenetic modifications may be one mechanism by which exposure to an altered intrauterine milieu or metabolic perturbation may influence the phenotype of the organism much later in life. Epigenetic modifications of the genome provide a mechanism that allows the stable pro...

We present a measurement of the electron spectrum from inclusive semileptonic B decay, using 5.1 fb−1 of Υ(4S) data collected with the Belle detector. A high-momentum lepton tag was used to separate the semileptonic B decay electrons from secondary decay electrons. We obtained the branching fraction, B(B → Xe+ν) = (10.90 ± 0.12 ± 0.49)%, with minimal model dependence. From this measurement, we ...