Beamsteering using liquid crystals can be achieved with refractive or diffractive implementations. The common thread in these various structures is that the liquid crystal is employed as an optical phase modulator. Either nematic or smectic liquid crystal phases can be used to shift the phase of light and steer an optical beam. Various liquid crystal optical phase modulating schemes will be des...

This paper presents a compact driver module for InP MachZehnder modulator (MZM). The size of the driver module is 14mm × 8mm × 2.8mm. We reduce the size of this driver module by integrating two channels for the driver IC, which doesn’t require any external bias tee, and by making the driver package small. With this driver module and InP MZM module mounted on evaluation board, we obtained a well...

Electric Detonators with its two terminal paired cable may act as an efficient receiving antenna. Radiated field from other sources may optimum level of current in the cable and in turn accidental detonation may occur. Present work is focused on estimation of hazardous field strength level. Keywords-Electric detonator,effecive radiated power,mining enviroment.

The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss a general HV topology of the solid-state Marx modulator, for unipolar or bipolar generation connected with a step-up transformer to increase the output voltage applied to a resistive load. Due to the use of an output transformer, discussion about the reset of the transformer is made to guarantee zero average voltage applied to the primary. It ...

Senecio jacobaea (SJ) was incubated in sheep rumen fluid-buffer mixtures to determine if metabolism and(or) detoxication of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) was occurring. The nontoxic reduction metabolite, 7 beta-hydroxy-l-methylene-8 alpha-pyrrolizidine, was not detected when SJ-rumen fluid incubation extracts were subjected to high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrographic analys...

background: radiation-induced bystander effect is a response which results in damage in non-irradiated cells in response to signals from the irradiated cells. the aim of the present study was to investigate microwave-induced bystander effect from a gsm mobile phone simulator on induction of apoptosis in jurkat cell line. materials and methods: jurkat cells were divided into three groups of non-...