1 يوجشناد سانشراک ی ،هیذغت مولع دشرا ،نارهت یکشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،یسانش میژر و هیذغت هدکشناد ناریا 2 لوئسم هدنسیون : هورگ رایداتسا هیذغت هعماج ،ناریا ،نارهت یکشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،یسانش میژر و هیذغت هدکشناد ، یکینورتکلا تسپ : [email protected] 3 داتسا هورگ هیذغت هعماج هدکشناد، هیذغت میژرو هاگشناد،ینامرد مولع یکشزپ ،نارهت ناریا 4 يارتکد تملاس تاقیقحت یلم وتیتسنا ،ناهفصا یتشادهب ت...

Much trade liberalization involves large and small countries. This paper presents a formal comparison of the economic welfare effects for the small and large country from unilateral free trade by the small country, from a free trade agreement, and from preferential access to the large country’s market. I show that it matters for the welfare effects of these strategies whether the small country ...

This paper uses the methodology developed in Kehoe and Ruhl (2013) to measure the change in the extensive, or new goods, margin of trade between Japan and China after China’s entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001. The new goods account for 15.9% of Japanese exports to China and 22% of Chinese exports to Japan after trade liberalization. For the case of Chinese exports to Japan, a time...

A two-country model of oligopoly in general equilibrium is used to show how changes in market structure accompany the process of trade and capital market liberalisation. The model predicts that bilateral mergers in which low-cost firms buy out higher-cost foreign rivals are profitable under Cournot competition. With symmetric countries, welfare may rise or fall, though the distribution of incom...

هلاقم تاعلاطا هدیکچ لماک یشهوژپ هلاقم :تفایرد 23 دنفسا 1392 :شریذپ 15 تشهبیدرا 1393 :تیاس رد هئارا 19 رهم 1393 رد اب هلاقم نیا رد يور مسج لمح يارب ریسم بیقعت یقیبطت لرتنک ،مسج نتفرگ نیح رد مسج و تابر کی هجنپ نیب شزغل ناکما نتفرگ رظن کت تابر کی طسوت نیمز رارق یسررب دروم یتشگنا یسررب يارب یبسانم هنومن ،متسیس نیا .تسا هتفرگ شور ياه فلتخم لیلحت دننام یحارط لرتنک هدننک اه رد تابر متسیس ماسجا ...

This paper reviews the empirical evidence on firm heterogeneity in international trade. A first wave of empirical findings from micro data on plants and firms proposed challenges for existing models of international trade and inspired the development of new theories emphasizing firm heterogeneity. Subsequent empirical research has examined additional predictions of these theories and explored o...

I present a theory of optimal multilateral trade agreements with public political shocks. I show that “forbearance” where one country withholds retaliation when its trading partner receives a shock is a feature of an optimal agreement. This provides a rationale for countries not acting on retaliatory rights granted under GATT. I show that there is a limit to forbearance allowable in a self-enfo...

We study the evolution of comparative advantage in a model with two countries and`≥ 2 goods. We show that the stochastically stable set consists of the pattern of production that follows the chain of comparative advantage in a sufficiently large world economy. Also, the chain of comparative advantage has an elegant structure that allows for step-by-step evolution. So convergence towards the equ...

I explore the interactions between comparative, competitive and absolute advantage in a two-country model of oligopoly in general equilibrium. Comparative advantage always determines the direction of trade, but both competitive and absolute advantage affect resource allocation, trade patterns and trade volumes. Competitive advantage in the sense of more home firms drives foreign firms out of ma...

One of the best established empirical results in international economics is that bilateral trade decreases with distance. Although well-known, this result has not been systematically analyzed before. We examine 1467 distance effects estimated in 103 papers. Information collected on each estimate allows us to test hypotheses about the causes of variation in the estimates. Our most interesting fi...