The circadian clock in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus is composed of a post-translational oscillator (PTO) that can be reconstituted in vitro from three different proteins in the presence of ATP and a transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL). The homo-hexameric KaiC kinase, phosphatase and ATPase alternates between hypo- and hyper-phosphorylated states over the 24-h cycle, wit...

In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is elicited by the interaction of the host Pto kinase with the pathogen effector protein AvrPto, which leads to various immune responses including localized cell death termed the hypersensitive response. The AGC kinase Adi3 functions to suppress host cell death and interacts with Pto only in the presence of AvrPto. ...

DNA oligonucleotides (ODN) applied to an organism are known to modulate the innate and adaptive immune system. Previous studies showed that a CpG-containing ODN (CpG-1-PTO) and interestingly, also a non-CpG-containing ODN (nCpG-5-PTO) suppress inflammatory markers in skin. In the present study it was investigated whether these molecules also influence cell apoptosis. Here we show that CpG-1-PTO...

Nearly all tractor PTO arrangements used today consist of a rotating mechanical shaft with two or more universal joints. This arrangement continues to be an entanglement hazard. By driving the attachment with fluid power, this hazard could be eliminated. This project included the design, development, and testing of an experimental tractor based on a John Deere 4040. The entire power train was t...

Plant disease resistance is the result of an innate host defense mechanism, which relies on the ability of the plant to recognize pathogen invasion and to efficiently mount defense responses. In tomato, resistance to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is mediated by the specific interaction between the plant serine/threonine kinase Pto and the bacterial protein AvrPto. This article reviews molec...

Race-specific disease resistance in plants typically requires the action of complementary genes in the pathogen and the host: a functional avirulence (Avr) gene in the pathogen and a corresponding resistance (R) gene in the host. There is solid evidence that Avr and R gene products influence disease resistance pathways in the host and that in the absence of a corresponding R gene, Avr proteins ...

INTRODUCTION The Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS) and the Pseudotumor of the Orbit (PTO) each have three common clinical hallmarks: unilateral periorbital pain, cranial nerve palsies and a fast response to corticosteroid therapy. CASE REPORT 48-year-old female with a right VI nerve paralysis, later develops a right III nerve paralysis. It is important to be able to differentiate between THS and PTO...

Abstract Understanding and controlling the swimming direction of a synthetic nano‐ micromotor holds fundamental applied significance. Here, we focus on platinum‐containing Janus colloids that catalytically decompose H 2 O into , an archetypical model chemical micromotor. We discover platinum oxides (primarily PtO) are produced Pt films sputter‐coated in plasma, PtO reverses motor possibly by se...

The catalytic activity and amino acid specificity of the tomato Pto and Fen kinases were investigated. The Pto and Fen genes were fused to the carboxyl terminus of the maltose-binding protein and expressed in Escbericbia coli. lncubation of the purified fusion proteins with [y-3ZP]ATP in an in vitro assay showed that both proteins were capable of autophosphorylation. Mutant fusion proteins in w...