نتایج جستجو برای: تکنیک gcms
تعداد نتایج: 29364 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The main source of information on future climate conditions are global circulation models (GCMs). While the various GCMs agree on an increase of surface temperature, the predictions for precipitation exhibit high spread among the models, especially in shorter-than-daily temporal resolution. This paper presents a method to predict regional distributions of the hourly rainfall depth based on dail...
[1] The water cycle of the southwestern United States (SW) is dominated by winter storms that maintain a positive annual net precipitation. Analysis of the control and future climate from four pairs of regional and global climate models (RCMs and GCMs) shows that the RCMs simulate a higher fraction of transient eddy moisture fluxes because the hydrodynamic instabilities associated with flow ove...
The Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) on the Huygens Probe will measure the chemical composition of Titan’s atmosphere from 170 km altitude (∼1 hPa) to the surface (∼1500 hPa) and determine the isotope ratios of the major gaseous constituents. The GCMS will also analyze gas samples from the Aerosol Collector Pyrolyser (ACP) and may be able to investigate the composition (including isot...
Radiation parameterizations in GCMs are more accurate than their predecessorsErrors in estimates of 4 ×CO2 forcing are large, especially for solar radiationErrors depend on atmospheric state, so global mean error is unknown.
Atmospheric radiation budgets are strongly affected by the horizontal and vertical distributions of cloud systems. With the horizontal resolution of several hundred kilometers in general circulation models (GCMs), parameterization of cloud vertical overlap and horizontal inhomogeneity in radiation schemes has long been a major challenge for climate simulations (Stephens 1984; Stephens et al. 20...
A gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometer (GCMS) method was developed and validated for determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for extraction and solid phase extraction for sample cleanup to remove most of the coextract combined with GCMS for determination of low concentratio...
Uncertainties associated with the representation of various physical processes in global climate models (GCMs) mean that, when projections from GCMs are used in climate change impact studies, the uncertainty propagates through to the impact estimates. A complete treatment of this 'climate model structural uncertainty' is necessary so that decision-makers are presented with an uncertainty range ...
[1] Bacastow [1996], Broecker et al. [1999], and Archer et al. [2000] have called attention recently to the fact that box models and general circulation models (GCMs) represent the thermal partitioning of CO2 between the warm surface ocean and cold deep ocean in different ways. They attribute these differences to mixing and circulation effects in GCMs that are not resolved in box models. The me...
Dengue fever epidemic potential as projected by general circulation models of global climate change.
Climate factors influence the transmission of dengue fever, the world's most widespread vector-borne virus. We examined the potential added risk posed by global climate change on dengue transmission using computer-based simulation analysis to link temperature output from three climate general circulation models (GCMs) to a dengue vectorial capacity equation. Our outcome measure, epidemic potent...
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