Homospermidine synthase (HSS) catalyses the formation of the polyamine homospermidine from 2 mol of putrescine. The general and kinetic properties of purified HSS from Rhodopseudomonas viridis are given and compared with those of the respective enzymes from other sources. The R. viridis enzyme is shown to catalyse a number of side reactions: (I) In the presence of putrescine or spermidine as do...

Here we provide a mechanism for specific, efficient transcription of the TNF gene and, potentially, other genes residing within multigene loci. We identify and characterize highly conserved noncoding elements flanking the TNF gene, which undergo activation-dependent intrachromosomal interactions. These elements, hypersensitive site (HSS)-9 and HSS+3 (9 kb upstream and 3 kb downstream of the TNF...

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are toxic secondary metabolites that are found in several distantly related families of the angiosperms. The first specific step in PA biosynthesis is catalyzed by homospermidine synthase (HSS), which has been recruited several times independently by duplication of the gene encoding deoxyhypusine synthase, an enzyme involved in the posttranslational activation of t...

Purpose  The primary objective of this study was to evaluate if the current mechanisms of preoperative counseling influence patients' expectations of shoulder surgery. Methods  Patients were asked to complete the Hospital for Special Surgery's (HSS) Shoulder Surgery Expectations Survey. The first survey was completed before the first appointment with one of four fellowship-trained shoulder surg...

Exposure to maternal idiotypes (Ids) or antigens might predispose a child to develop an immunoregulated, asymptomatic clinical presentation of schistosomiasis. We have used an experimental murine system to address the role of Ids in this immunoregulation. Sera from mice with 8-wk Schistosoma mansoni infection, chronic (20-wk infection) moderate splenomegaly syndrome (MSS), or chronic hypersplen...

The authors present a cyber-physical systems study on the estimation of driver behavior in autonomous vehicles and vehicle safety systems. Extending upon previous work, the approach described is suitable for the long term estimation and tracking of autonomous vehicle behavior. The proposed system makes use of a previously defined Hybrid State System and Hidden Markov Model (HSS+HMM) system whic...

Specifically accessible chromatin sites, detected as DNase I hypersensitive sites (DNase I HSs), have been found at promoters of most genes in yeast, human as well as in Arabidopsis chromatin. The DNase I HSs are constitutively present at promoters of most genes both at inactive and activated states. On the other hand, appearance and disappearance of DNase I HSs have been observed at several de...

Decomposition of humic substances (HSs) is a slow and cryptic but non-negligible component of carbon cycling in sediments. Aerobic decomposition of HSs by microorganisms in the surface environment has been well documented; however, the mechanism of anaerobic microbial decomposition of HSs is not completely understood. Moreover, no microorganisms capable of anaerobic decomposition of HSs have be...

Mr. Editor: It has been only recently possible to validate the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) 1 among health professionals of Cali 2 , an important step for using this instrument with local empirical support in regard to its reliability of scoring and internal structure. However, two aspects of this analysis can be considered as methodological weaknesses. First, the C...

BACKGROUND The relation between scoring for hopelessness/helplessness and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in healthy study subjects (HSS) and in patients with benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer (BC) has not been compared in a prospective study. We, therefore, investigated hopelessness and helplessness scores versus the MADRS in 115 patients. PATIENTS AND METHO...