The membrane biological reactor (MBR) configuration has proven to be optimal for treatment of many industrial wastewaters when treatment efficiency is an important consideration. Since installation of the first large, U.S., full scale MBR system for industrial wastewater treatment at the General Motors plant in Mansfield, Ohio in the early 1990s, use of membranes for biomasseffluent separation ...

The production and accumulation of soluble microbial products (SMP), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and colloidal inert compounds within a membrane bioreactor (MBR) may greatly affect the biomass viability and subsequently the permeability of the membrane. This paper aims at presenting new mathematical models of biomass viability and membrane fouling that has been conceptually develop...

The effectiveness of a full scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) in the removal of bacteriophages and bacterial fecal indicators from municipal wastewater was compared with that obtained by conventional activated sludge process (CASP). Somatic coliphages (SOMCPH) and F-RNA specific bacteriophages (FRNAPH) were always detected in the pre-treated effluent (mean: 6Log10), while phages infecting Bactero...

This paper discusses nitrogen removal mechanisms in an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating high strength pet food wastewater characterized by oil & grease, COD, BOD5, TSS, TKN, NH4-N concentrations of 2800 mg/L, 25000 mg/L, 10000 mg/L, 4500 mg/L, 1650 mg/L and 1300 mg/L respectively. An MBR operating at SRT >25 days achieved mixed liquor total suspended solids (MLTSS) concentrations >300...

Minimum Error Rate Training (MERT) and Minimum Bayes-Risk (MBR) decoding are used in most current state-of-theart Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems. The algorithms were originally developed to work with N -best lists of translations, and recently extended to lattices that encode many more hypotheses than typical N -best lists. We here extend lattice-based MERT and MBR algorithms to ...

This experimental work investigated the property of membrane fouling for different sludges at high flux 20 L/(m(2)h). The MBR with good aerobic granular sludge performed the longest operation time 61 days, and TMP rose up in a steady overall rate, while only 10, 14 and 19 days for bulking, flocculent and small granular sludge, respectively, which clearly demonstrated the good and complete aerob...

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have the ability to completely retain biomass and are thus suitable for slowly growing anammox bacteria. In the present study, an anammox MBR was operated to investigate whether the anammox activity would remain stable at low temperature, without anammox biomass washout. The maximum nitrogen removal rates were 6.7 and 1.1 g-N L⁻¹ day⁻¹ at 35 °C and 15 °C, respectivel...

A pilot scale membrane bioreactor hybrid system (MBR-HS) was evaluated for municipal wastewater treatment. This novel system comprised of a granular activated carbon-sponge fluidized bed bioreactor (GACS-FBBR) followed by a submerge membrane bioreactor (MBR) with the capacity of 2 L/min. The results indicated that the MBR-HS could effectively remove 90% DOC and 95% NH₄-N. PO₄-P removal efficien...

ROVER [1] and its successor voting procedures have been shown to be quite effective in reducing the recognition word error rate (WER). The success of these methods has been attributed to their minimum Bayes-risk (MBR) nature: they produce the hypothesis with the least expected word error. In this paper we develop a general procedure within the MBR framework, called segmental MBR recognition, th...

Finding motifs in DNA sequences plays an important role in deciphering transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and drug target identification. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm, EDAM, for finding motifs based on frequency transformation and Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR) techniques. It works in three phases, frequency transformation, MBR-clique searching and motif discovery. In f...