PROBLEM A multinational company with operations in several African countries was committed to offer antiretroviral treatment to its employees and their dependants. APPROACH The Accelerating Access Initiative (AAI), an initiative of six pharmaceutical companies and five United Nations' agencies, offered the possibility of obtaining brand antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) at 10% of the commercial pri...

Allergic airway inflammation (AAI) is characterized by airway hyperreactivity, eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, and elevated serum IgE, however, it is unclear what mediates natural resolution after cessation of allergen exposure. This is important because the outcome of subsequent allergen challenge may depend on the concurrent inflammatory milieu of the lung. Using a murine AAI model, we...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Although atrial pacing is a more physiological mode of stimulation in sinus node dysfunction, the pacing modes most often are used DDD and VVI. The aim of our study was to demonstrate that AAI/AAIR pacing is effective and safe by analyzing the complications and mortality of this pacing mode in a long-term follow-up study. PATIENTS AND METHOD Between 1982 and 2000 d...

To assess the ageand sex-specific prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication (IC) in an elderly population, we performed a population-based study in 7715 subjects (40% men, 60% women) aged 55 years and over. The presence of PAD and IC was determined by measuring the ankle-arm systolic blood pressure index (AAI) and by means of the World Health Organization/Ros...

AIMS To describe clinical, mental and physical signs in children with different severity acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) determined either by serum alcohol concentration (SAC) or by blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to study the diagnostic performance characteristics of clinical assessment and to establish the ratio of SAC:BAC in children. METHODS Data were analysed from 256 children aged 8....

Results. Using an attentional allocation index (AAI) to compare performance of healthy young and older adults and to measure the flexibility of allocation of attention, results showed a tendency in older adults toward a decreased ability to flexibly allocate their attention between the two tasks, with small AAI values. The decreased ability to allocate attention in older adults was found to be ...

The distribution of DNA adducts formed by the two main components, aristolochic acid I (AAI) and aristolochic acid II (AAII), of the carcinogenic plant extract aristolochic acid (AA) was examined in a plasmid containing exon 2 of the mouse c-H-ras gene by a polymerase arrest assay. AAI and AAII were reacted with plasmid DNA by reductive activation and the resulting DNA adducts were identified a...

Typischerweise erlauben Shibboleth-basierte Authentifikationsund Autorisationsinfrastrukturen (AAI), wie die DFN-AAI, nur einen Identity Provider (IdP) für eine teilnehmende Organisation, um den Wartungsaufwand seitens des AAI-Betreibers möglichst gering zu halten. Ferner wahrt dies die Benutzerfreundlichkeit, da so das IdP-Verzeichnis minimal ausfällt, aus dem Nutzer vor der Authentifikation d...

This study investigated the impact of maternal reflective functioning (RF) and attachment security on children's mentalization. The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was administered to mothers in a sample of 41 mother-preadolescent dyads. AAI transcripts were rated in terms of the Berkeley AAI System (Main and Goldwyn, 1998) and the Reflective Functioning Scale (RFS; Fonagy et al., 1998). Pread...

A wireless network is more vulnerable to denial of service (DoS) attacks than a wired one. In this paper we propose a new DoS defense scheme toward actively resisting DoS attacks. A mobile terminal generates an authorized anonymous ID (AAI) using its true ID, and assigns its true ID with the produced AAI. Using an AAI, a legitimate mobile terminal will be authenticated by the wireless network, ...