Orexin, mainly produced by orexin-expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), plays an important role in pain modulation. Moreover, it is shown that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is one of the important areas involved in this modulation. Orexin-1 (OX1) and orexin-2 (OX2) receptors are densely distributed in the NAc. The study investigated the involvement of OX1 receptors in the NAc on an...

AIM: This study aimed to examine the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) effect on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using single method methylene blue 1% in breast cancer patients at low-resource country.
 METHODS: analytical observational employed a retrospective case–control approach. The total sampling was used by involving entire population Stage-I and -II after performed co...

Recent studies have implicated the activity of the organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) protein in the basolateral uptake of inorganic mercuric species in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. However, very little is known about the potential role of OAT1 (and other OATs) in the renal epithelial transport of organic forms of mercury such as methylmercury (CH(3)Hg(+)). The present investigation...

The structure of the DNA-binding NAC domain of Arabidopsis ANAC (abscisic-acid-responsive NAC) has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 1.9A resolution (Protein Data Bank codes 1UT4 and 1UT7). This is the first structure determined for a member of the NAC family of plant-specific transcriptional regulators. NAC proteins are characterized by their conserved N-terminal NAC domains that can...

Nucleus accumbens (NAc) inactivation increases food intake, indicating that NAc neurons exert ongoing inhibition of feeding. We previously described a subpopulation of NAc neurons that pause during sucrose licking and proposed that the pause permits consumption. We tested this hypothesis by first recording NAc neurons during sucrose consumption, and then electrically stimulating through the sam...

Abstract Purpose of Review Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) utilization is an important part breast cancer therapy. Recent advances call into question the optimal role radiotherapy after NAC, as many radiation studies were performed without NAC. This review was conducted to understand current data, outstanding questions and ongoing trials related Findings Response NAC associated with promising cl...

background: the purpose of our study was to evaluate an inexpensive and available method to reduce mucous impactions in mechanically ventilated patients. methods: this randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 mechanically ventilated patients aged 15-90 years. the patients were randomly allocated into two arms; 20 cases and 20 controls. the cases received n-acetylcysteine via their nebulize...

background: acetaminophen (n-acetyl-p aminophenol; apap) is one of the most common types of analgesics. it is also the most common xneobitic reported to poison centers. this study investigates if therapeutic doses of nac can falsely increase coagulation tests, prothrombin time (pt) and bleeding time (bt). ​​ methods: thirty-six apap poisoned patients whose acetaminophen serum concentration were...